Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27794487›Full record

Trial reportArchives of physical medicine and rehabilitation2017

Guided Training Relative to Direct Skill Training for Individuals With Cognitive Impairments After Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Elizabeth R Skidmore, Meryl Butters, Ellen Whyte, Emily Grattan, Jennifer Shen, Lauren Terhorst

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06501365 (Post-Intensive Care Transitional Care, Rehabilitation, and Family-Support RCT), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06501365 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Post-Intensive Care Transitional Care, Rehabilitation, and Family-Support RCT

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of PittsburghRan2025 to 2026Enrolled2ConditionsIntensive Care Unit Syndrome, Disabilities Multiple, Critical Illness, Caregiver BurdenArmsPost Intensive Care Transitions Rehabilitation and Family Support (PIC-TRFS), Enhanced Usual Care Control
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Occupational therapy for cognitive impairment in stroke patients.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Lesion location may attenuate response to strategy training in acute stroke.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2022
    Trial
  6. Comparing the CO-OP ApproachBrain sciences · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Automated Fidelity Assessment for Strategy Training in Inpatient Rehabilitation using Natural Language Processing.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Metacognitive Strategy Training Is Feasible for People With Aphasia.OTJR : occupation, participation and health · 2021
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Effect of Strategy Training on Self-Awareness of Deficits After Stroke.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
    Article
  18. Article
  19. A Need to Activate Lasting Engagement.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Elizabeth R SkidmoreDepartment of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: skidmore@pitt.edu.
Meryl ButtersDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Ellen WhyteDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Emily GrattanDepartment of Health Science and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Jennifer ShenDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Lauren TerhorstDepartment of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Funding

University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000005 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI REIS, STEVEN E · 2012 to 2015
$50.8M
Treating Depression and Enhancing Locomotor Recovery Post-strokeP20GM109040 · NIGMS · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI KAUTZ, STEVEN A. · 2014 to 2024
$23.5M
Closing Gap in Stroke Rehabilitation: Early Intervention for Cognitive DisabilityR01HD074693 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SKIDMORE, ELIZABETH RENEE · 2013 to 2018
$2.6M
Guided Versus Directed Training in Acute Stroke RehabilitationR03HD073770 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI SKIDMORE, ELIZABETH RENEE · 2012 to 2013
$148k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000005NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD074693NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD073770NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM109040
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the effects of direct skill training and guided training for promoting independence after stroke.

designSingle-blind randomized pilot study.

settingInpatient rehabilitation facility.

participantsParticipants in inpatient rehabilitation with acute stroke and cognitive impairments (N=43).

interventionsParticipants were randomized to receive direct skill training (n=22, 10 sessions as adjunct to usual inpatient rehabilitation) or guided training (n=21, same dose).

main outcome measureThe FIM assessed independence at baseline, rehabilitation discharge, and months 3, 6, and 12.

resultsLinear mixed models (random intercept, other effects fixed) revealed a significant intervention by time interaction (F

conclusionsGuided training, provided in addition to usual care, offered a small advantage in the recovery of independence, relative to direct skill training. Future studies examining guided training in combination with other potentially potent intervention elements may further advise best practices in rehabilitation for individuals with cognitive impairments after acute stroke.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingAgedCognition DisordersDisability EvaluationFemaleHumansMaleRecovery of FunctionSingle-Blind MethodStroke RehabilitationTreatment OutcomeActivities of daily livingCognitionRehabilitationStroke

Identifiers

PMID27794487
PMCPMC5368028

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.