ReviewTrends in neurosciences2016
Psychobiotics and the Manipulation of Bacteria-Gut-Brain Signals.
Review in Trends in neurosciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04366401 (Efficacy of Dietary Modulation With High Prebiotic and Probiotic Content on Nutritional and Metabolic Status in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders), which is not on this map. Cited by 474 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Dietary Modulation With High Prebiotic and Probiotic Content on Nutritional and Metabolic Status in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Who cites it
474 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Effects of the Edible MicroalgaNutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal and child nutrition insecurity, microbiome, and early neurodevelopment: an intricate interplay. Results from a systematic review.European journal of public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics and maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum period: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Microbiome and well-being: a meta-analysis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Pooled it
- Psychobiotics in Depression: Sources, Metabolites, and Treatment-A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Can We Modulate Our Second Brain and Its Metabolites to Change Our Mood? A Systematic Review on Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Future Directions of "Psychobiotics".International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota of patients with post-stroke depression in Chinese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotics in patients with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Psychobiotics in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- From gut to brain: unveiling probiotic effects through a neuroimaging perspective-A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluation of a probiotic blend on psychosocial health and biomarkers of inflammatory, immune and stress response in adults with subthreshold depression: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Multi-species probiotic supplement enhances vagal nerve function - results of a randomized controlled trial in patients with depression and healthy controls.Gut microbes · 2025Trial
- Indicators of improved emotion behavior in 6-14-year-old children following a 4-week placebo controlled prebiotic supplement intervention at home with a parent.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Psychobiotics Ameliorate Depression and Anxiety Status in Surgical Oncology Patients: Results from theNutrients · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Morinda Officinalis Oligosaccharides Combined with Probiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy for Major Depressive Disorder with Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Trial
- Synbiotic supplementation may globally improve non-motor symptoms in patients with stable Parkinson's disease: results from an open label single-arm study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Effects ofNutrients · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Heat-TreatedNutrients · 2024Trial
414 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychobiotics were previously defined as live bacteria (probiotics) which, when ingested, confer mental health benefits through interactions with commensal gut bacteria. We expand this definition to encompass prebiotics, which enhance the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. We review probiotic and prebiotic effects on emotional, cognitive, systemic, and neural variables relevant to health and disease. We discuss gut-brain signalling mechanisms enabling psychobiotic effects, such as metabolite production. Overall, knowledge of how the microbiome responds to exogenous influence remains limited. We tabulate several important research questions and issues, exploration of which will generate both mechanistic insights and facilitate future psychobiotic development. We suggest the definition of psychobiotics be expanded beyond probiotics and prebiotics to include other means of influencing the microbiome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.