Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27793268›Full record

ArticleBiomedical journal2016

Spontaneous metastases in immunocompetent mice harboring a primary tumor driven by oncogene latent membrane protein 1 from Epstein-Barr virus.

Pu-Yuan Chang, Yenlin Huang, Tzu-Yuan Hung, Kowit-Yu Chong, Yu-Sun Chang, Chuck C-K Chao, Kai-Ping N Chow

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Pu-Yuan ChangTumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Yenlin HuangDepartment of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Tzu-Yuan HungGraduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Kowit-Yu ChongDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Yu-Sun ChangGraduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Medical Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Chuck C-K ChaoTumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: cckchao@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
Kai-Ping N ChowGraduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: kpc@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
Chang Gung University · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn vitro and clinical studies suggest that the oncogene LMP1 (latent membrane protein 1) encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the formation of metastases in immunocompetent individuals. However, whether LMP1 itself is sufficient to drive these events in immunocompetent hosts remains elusive due to the lack of appropriate experimental models. The aim of this study was to study LMP1-dependent tumorigenesis and metastasis in BALB/c mice inoculated with BALB/c-3T3 cells expressing N-LMP1 (a Taiwanese NPC variant).

methodsFollowing cancer cell inoculation, metastasis formation was monitored over time using PCR analysis of LMP1 as tumor marker. We also used a luciferase (Luc)-containing N-LMP1 and bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to monitor metastasis formation in a non-invasive manner.

resultsN-LMP1 appeared early in draining lymph nodes and in various distant organs before the rapid growth of the primary tumor. Lung metastasis was observed by BLI and further confirmed by histological examination. Furthermore, we detected luciferase signals in the lungs, even before the animals were sacrificed.

conclusionsOur results demonstrate the high metastatic character of N-LMP1 in immunocompetent hosts. Systemic tumor dissemination occurs even before aggressive tumor growth at the primary site, suggesting that early treatment of primary LMP1-associated tumors and distant micro-metastases is critical to achieve positive results.

Indexed as

AnimalsHerpesvirus 4, HumanImmunocompetenceLung NeoplasmsMiceMice, Inbred BALB CNasopharyngeal NeoplasmsNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasms, ExperimentalViral Matrix ProteinsEBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virusViral Matrix ProteinsDistant metastasisEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)Oncogene latent membrane protein 1 (N-LMP1)Tumor mouse model

Identifiers

PMID27793268
PMCPMC6139811
OpenAlexW2530844948

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.