Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27793136›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2016

Activation of innate immune genes in caprine blood leukocytes after systemic endotoxin challenge.

Øyvind Salvesen, Malin R Reiten, Peter M H Heegaard, Michael A Tranulis, Arild Espenes, Kerstin Skovgaard, Cecilie Ersdal

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Molecular mechanisms in septic shock (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Øyvind SalvesenFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Malin R ReitenFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Peter M H HeegaardInnate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Michael A TranulisFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Arild EspenesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Kerstin SkovgaardInnate Immunology Group, Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Cecilie ErsdalFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway. cecilie.ersdal@nmbu.no.
Norwegian University of Life Sciences · NOTechnical University of Denmark · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSepsis is a serious health problem associated with a range of infectious diseases in animals and humans. Early events of this syndrome can be mimicked by experimental administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Compared with mice, small ruminants and humans are highly sensitive to LPS, making goats valuable in inflammatory models. We performed a longitudinal study in eight Norwegian dairy goats that received LPS (0.1 μg/kg, Escherichia coli O26:B6) intravenously. A control group of five goats received corresponding volumes of sterile saline. Clinical examinations were performed continuously, and blood samples were collected throughout the trial.

resultsCharacteristic signs of acute sepsis, such as sickness behavior, fever, and leukopenia were observed within 1 h of LPS administration. A high-throughput longitudinal gene expression analysis of circulating leukocytes was performed, and genes associated with the acute phase response, type I interferon signaling, LPS cascade and apoptosis, in addition to cytokines and chemokines were targeted. Pro-inflammatory genes, such as IL1B, CCL3 and IL8, were significantly up-regulated. Interestingly, increased mRNA levels of seven interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) were observed peaking at 2 h, corroborating the increasing evidence that ISGs respond immediately to bacterial endotoxins. A slower response was manifested by four extrahepatic acute phase proteins (APP) (SAA3, HP, LF and LCN2) reaching maximum levels at 5 h.

conclusionsWe report an immediate induction of ISGs in leukocytes in response to LPS supporting a link between the interferon system and defense against bacterial infections. The extrahepatic expression of APPs suggests that leukocytes contribute to synthesis of these proteins at the beginning of a systemic inflammation. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the dynamic regulation of innate immune genes, as well as raising new questions regarding the importance of ISGs and extrahepatic APPs in leukocytes after systemic endotoxin challenge.

Indexed as

AnimalsEndotoxinsFemaleGoatsImmunity, InnateInterferonsLeukocytesEndotoxinsInterferonsBlood leukocyte gene expressionEndotoxemiaExtrahepatic acute phase proteinsGoatInnate immunityInterferon stimulated genesLipopolysaccharide (LPS)Systemic inflammation

Identifiers

PMID27793136
PMCPMC5084394
OpenAlexW2544505626

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.