ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Towards greater understanding of addiction stigma: Intersectionality with race/ethnicity and gender.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- The intersection of gender and drug use-related stigma: A mixed methods systematic review and synthesis of the literature.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Area of Residence and Outcomes for Mother-Infant Dyads with Perinatal Opioid Exposure.American journal of perinatology · 2026Trial
- Does a Survivorship Model of Opioid Use Disorder Improve Public Stigma or Policy Support? A General Population Randomized Experiment.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Trial
- The impact of race, gender, and heroin use on opioid addiction stigma.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Trial
- Community coalition and key stakeholder perceptions of the community opioid epidemic before an intensive community-level intervention.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Trial
- Women's and men's experiences in group therapy for substance use disorders: A qualitative analysis.The American journal on addictions · 2022Trial
- Patient predictors of substance use disorder treatment initiation in primary care.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2018Trial
- Is Addiction Research Addicted to Artificial Intelligence? Mapping the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence, Substance Use and Mental Health Through a Bibliometric Analysis.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Review
- Substance use disorders and pharmacotherapies: exploring public knowledge and supportive attitudes.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2025Article
- Examining the relationship between public stigma, models of addiction, and addictive disorders.Addiction research & theory · 2025Article
- Understanding the needs of postpartum emerging adults with substance use disorders to improve recovery supports.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of stigma towards opioid users among rural law enforcement and community members in tennessee.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- The intersection of substance use stigma and anti-Black racial stigma: A scoping review.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Understanding stigma and attitudes towards hepatitis B among university students in Australia of Chinese and Vietnamese background.BMC public health · 2024Article
- An Exploratory Study of Overlapping Stigmas and Substance Use Stigma Among Women with Substance Use Histories Who are Incarcerated.Journal of drug issues · 2024Article
- Perceptions around medications for opioid use disorder among a diverse sample of U.S. adults.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- First-hand accounts of structural stigma toward people who use opioids on Reddit.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- "If you're strung out and female, they will take advantage of you": A qualitative study exploring drug use and substance use service experiences among women in Boston and San Francisco.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- Internalized Stigma Measurement in Substance Use Treatment Settings: A Narrative Review.Addiction research & theory · 2024Article
- Drug Use-Related Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and Subsequent Emergency Department Utilization in a Prospective Cohort Study of People With a History of Injection Drug Use.Substance use & misuse · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn spite of the significant burden associated with substance use disorders, especially among persons who inject drugs (PWIDs), most affected individuals do not engage with any type of formal or informal treatment. Addiction stigma, which is represented by negative social attitudes toward individuals who use alcohol and/or other drugs, is one of the barriers to care that is poorly understood. The current study: a) assessed implicit (indirect and difficult to consciously control) and explicit (consciously controlled) beliefs about PWIDs among visitors to a public web site; and b) experimentally investigated the effects of ethnicity/race and gender on those implicit and explicit beliefs.
methodsN=899 predominantly White (70%) and women (62%) were randomly assigned to one of six target PWIDs conditions: gender (man/woman) x race/ethnicity (White, Black, Latino/a). Participants completed an Implicit Association Test and explicit assessment of addiction stigma.
resultsParticipants implicitly associated PWIDs (especially Latino/a vs. White PWIDs) with deserving punishment as opposed to help (p=0.003, d=0.31), indicating presence of addiction stigma-related implicit beliefs. However, this bias was not evident on the explicit measure (p=0.89). Gender did not predict differential implicit or explicit addiction stigma (p=0.18).
conclusionsContrary to explicit egalitarian views towards PWIDs, participants' implicit beliefs were more in line with addiction stigma. If replicated and clearer ties to behavior are established, results suggest the potential importance of identifying conditions under which implicit bias might influence behavior (even despite explicit egalitarian views) and increase the likelihood of discrimination towards PWIDs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.