ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Glycyrrhizin Reduces HMGB1 and Bacterial Load in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- The State-of-the-Art Antibacterial Activities of Glycyrrhizin: A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Heat Shock Protein B4 (HSPB4)-Induced Inflammatory Pathways In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- PMFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Glycyrrhizin-Based Hydrogels Accelerate Wound Healing of Normoglycemic and Diabetic Mouse Skin.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Glycyrrhizin Interacts with TLR4 and TLR9 to ResolvePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Glycyrrhizin regulates rat TMJOA progression by inhibiting the HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4-NF-κB/AKT pathway.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Targeting HMGB1-NFκb Axis and miR-21 by Glycyrrhizin: Role in Amelioration of Corneal Injury in a Mouse Model of Alkali Burn.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Targeting Inflammation Driven by HMGB1 in Bacterial Keratitis-A Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions.Phytomedicine plus : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2021Review
- Foundational concepts in the biology of bacterial keratitis.Experimental eye research · 2021Review
- Glycyrrhizin Attenuates Carcinogenesis by Inhibiting the Inflammatory Response in a Murine Model of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Influence of Pseudomonas autoinducer N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone on human corneal epithelial cells.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Ocular Effects of Glycyrrhizin at Acidic and Neutral pH.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Effects of Glycyrrhizin on Multi-Drug ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Airborne Particulates Affect Corneal Homeostasis and Immunity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Glycyrrhizin Protects γ-Irradiated Mice from Gut Bacteria-Associated Infectious Complications by ImprovingJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Immunological Significance of HMGB1 Post-Translational Modification and Redox Biology.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Glycyrrhizin Use for Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
- Epac1 and Glycyrrhizin Both Inhibit HMGB1 Levels to Reduce Diabetes-Induced Neuronal and Vascular Damage in the Mouse Retina.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) contributes to poor disease outcome in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. This study tests the prophylactic effect of treatment with HMGB1 inhibitors, glycyrrhizin (GLY) and its derivative, carbenoxolone (CBX), for Pseudomonas keratitis.
methodsWe treated C57BL/6 (B6) mice subconjunctivally with GLY or CBX, infected with a noncytotoxic clinical isolate (KEI 1025) or a cytotoxic strain (ATCC 19660) of P. aeruginosa, and injected intraperitoneally with either agent. Clinical score, photography with a slit lamp, real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, bacterial plate count, histopathology, and absorbance assays were used to assess treatment efficacy and bacteriostatic activity.
resultsAfter KEI 1025 infection, GLY treatment reduced HMGB1 (mRNA and protein levels) and improved disease outcome with significant reduction in mRNA levels of IL-1β, TLR4, CXCL2, and IL-12; protein expression (IL-1β, CXCL2); neutrophil infiltrate; and bacterial load. Treatment with GLY enhanced antimicrobial proteins, including CRAMP and mBD2, but not mBD3. Glycyrrhizin also reduced clinical scores and improved disease outcome in corneas infected with strain 19660. However, neither HMGB1 mRNA or protein levels were reduced, but rather, CXCL2 expression (mRNA and protein), neutrophil infiltrate, and bacterial load were reduced statistically. Treatment with GLY initiated 6 hours after infection reduced plate count; GLY also was bacteriostatic for KEI 1025 and ATCC 19660.
conclusionsGlycyrrhizin reduces HMGB1 and is protective against P. aeruginosa-induced keratitis with a clinical isolate that is noncytotoxic. It was similar, but less effective when used after infection with a cytotoxic strain, which did not reduce HMGB1.
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Registered trials
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