ArticleOncotarget2016
Metformin treatment reduces temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma cells.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Repurposed Drugs to Enhance Temozolomide Efficacy in Glioblastoma.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Disrupting Akt-Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppresses glioblastoma stem cell growth and tumor progression in immunocompetent mice.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Metformin Suppresses Glioblastoma Tumor Growth and Progression Through the AMPK/FoxO3a/Survivin Axis.Cells · 2026Article
- Metformin's multifaceted role in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and synergy with standard treatments.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Glucose and antidiabetic therapy in temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Role of renin angiotensin system inhibitors and metformin in Glioblastoma Therapy: a review.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of metformin plus low-dose temozolomide in patients with recurrent or refractory glioblastoma: a randomized, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, controlled, phase 2 trial (KNOG-1501 study).Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Glioblastoma Metabolism: Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Heterogeneity of Amino Acid Profiles of Proneural and Mesenchymal Brain-Tumor Initiating Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Mechanical Properties of the Extracellular Environment of Human Brain Cells Drive the Effectiveness of Drugs in Fighting Central Nervous System Cancers.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Immunological and prognostic analysis of PSENEN in low-grade gliomas: An immune infiltration-related prognostic biomarker.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Drug and apoptosis resistance in cancer stem cells: a puzzle with many pieces.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Bioengineered Models to Study Microenvironmental Regulation of Glioblastoma Metabolism.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2021Review
- Review
- Glioma Stem-Like Cells and Metabolism: Potential for Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Imaging Metformin Efficacy as Add-On Therapy in Cells and Mouse Models of Human EGFR Glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Role of Leptin and Its Receptor ObR in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cancers · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been reported that metformin acts synergistically with temozolomide (TMZ) to inhibit proliferation of glioma cells including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the molecular mechanism underlying how metformin exerts its anti-cancer effects remains elusive. We used a combined experimental and bioinformatics approach to identify genes and complex regulatory/signal transduction networks that are involved in restoring TMZ sensitivity of GBM cells after metformin treatment. First, we established TMZ resistant GBM cell lines and found that the resistant cells regained TMZ sensitivity after metformin treatment. We further identified that metformin down-regulates SOX2 expression in TMZ-resistant glioma cells, reduces neurosphere formation capacity of glioblastoma cells, and inhibits GBM xenograft growth in vivo. Finally, the global gene expression profiling data reveals that multiple pathways are involved in metformin treatment related gene expression changes, including fatty acid metabolism and RNA binding and splicing pathways. Our work provided insight of the mechanisms on potential synergistic effects of TMZ and metformin in the treatment of glioblastoma, which will in turn yield potentially translational value for clinical applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.