ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Optogenetic activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area induces reanimation from general anesthesia.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Caffeine Accelerates Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Humans: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover Study.Anesthesiology · 2018Trial
- Pharmacological Modulation of Noradrenergic Arousal Circuitry Disrupts Functional Connectivity of the Locus Ceruleus in Humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Trial
- Dexmedetomidine Inhibition of GABA Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area Attenuates the Depth of Sedation in Mice.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Off-target effects of DREADD ligands revealed by an anesthesia emergence paradigm in mice.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Anesthesia unconsciousness recruits dynamic parabrachial activity within a distributed brain-wide ensemble.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Deep Brain Stimulation for Disorders of Consciousness: From Mesocircuit Mechanisms to Circuit-Guided Precision Neuromodulation.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Neural Circuit Mechanisms of Disorders of Consciousness and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Brain Stimulation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Catecholamine modulation of frontal cortical ignition during wakefulness, sleep and anesthesia.National science review · 2026Article
- Quantitative anatomy and biophysical modeling of ascending neuromodulatory systems in the developing rat neocortex.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Subthalamic CaMKIIα-expressing neurons facilitate recovery from propofol anesthesia via the STN-ventral pallidum pathway.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Article
- Drug-associated insomnia: A pharmacovigilance study based on FDA adverse event reporting system.Medicine · 2026Article
- Anesthetic State-Dependent Bidirectional Control of States of Consciousness via Heterogeneous Medial Septum to Ventral Tegmental Area Circuits under Sevoflurane in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Role of Dorsomedial Periaqueductal Gray Glutamatergic Neurons in Promoting Arousal under Multiple General Anesthetics in Mice.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Edinger-Westphal Neurons Contribute to Emergence from Desflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Wakefulness regulation of memory encoding and retrieval: structure and activity.National science review · 2026Review
- The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as a neuromodulatory target for refractory epilepsy.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Review
- Neural Circuit Mechanisms of General Anaesthesia Induction: Current Advances and Future Directions.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Anesthesiology for Sleep Disorders in the Perioperative Period.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- A Brainstem-Thalamic-Cortex Glutamatergic Neuron Pathway Modulates Propofol Anesthesia.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Noradrenergic tuning of arousal is coupled to movement transitions.Cell reports · 2025Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) promotes wakefulness, and DA transporter inhibitors such as dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate are effective for increasing arousal and inducing reanimation, or active emergence from general anesthesia. DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are involved in reward processing, motivation, emotion, reinforcement, and cognition, but their role in regulating wakefulness is less clear. The current study was performed to test the hypothesis that selective optogenetic activation of VTA DA neurons is sufficient to induce arousal from an unconscious, anesthetized state. Floxed-inverse (FLEX)-Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) expression was targeted to VTA DA neurons in DA transporter (DAT)-cre mice (ChR2+ group;
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.