ArticleFrontiers in public health2016
Impact of Highland Topography Changes on Exposure to Malaria Vectors and Immunity in Western Kenya.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mapping Malaria Susceptibility in the Oti Region of Ghana Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Retrospective Observational Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic and ecological factors associated with malaria and malaria recurrence risk in children in Msambweni, Kwale County, Kenya.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Malaria prevalence, transmission potential and efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy in the Kenyan Central highlands: a zone previously characterized as malaria-free.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Non-Invasive Malaria Detection in Sub-Saharan Africa Using a DNA-Based Sensor System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Forecasting malaria dynamics based on causal relations between control interventions, climatic factors, and disease incidence in western Kenya.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Range dynamics ofEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Abstruse Side of Climate Change, Impact on Malaria: A Systematic Evidence Review Comparing Iran versus Globally.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Larval habitat stability and productivity in two sites in Southern Ghana.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Malaria epidemic and transmission foci in highland of Kisii, western Kenya.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2022Article
- Anopheles stephensi: a guest to watch in urban Africa.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2022Article
- Larval flushing alters malaria endemicity patterns in regions with similar habitat abundance.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2022Article
- Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in the Kenyan Highlands: a cohort study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2019Article
- Naturally acquired antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum describes heterogeneity in transmission on islands in Lake Victoria.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is almost an axiom that in the African highlands (above 1,500 m) transmission of
methodThe study was conducted in five different ecosystems in the western Kenya highlands, two U-shaped valleys (Iguhu, Emutete), two V-shaped valleys (Marani, Fort Ternan), and one plateau (Shikondi) for 16 months among 6- to 15-year-old children. Exposure to malaria was tested using circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and merozoite surface protein immunochromatographic antibody tests. Malaria parasite was examined using different tools, which include microscopy based on blood smears, rapid diagnostic test based on HRP 2 proteins, and serology based on human immune response to parasite and vector antigens have been also examined in the highlands in comparison with different topographical systems of western Kenya.
resultsThe results suggested that changes in the topography had implication on transmission in highlands of western Kenya and appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and control tool needed to be considered accordingly. Both plateau and U-shaped valley found to have higher parasite density than V-shaped valley. People in V-valley were less immune than in plateau and U-valley residents.
conclusionTopography diversity in western Kenya highlands has a significant impact on exposure rates of human to malaria vectors and parasite. The residents of V-shaped valleys are at risk of having explosive malaria outbreaks during hyper-transmission periods due to low exposure to malaria parasite; hence, they have low immune response to malaria, while the U-shaped valleys have stable malaria transmission, therefore, the human population has developed immunity to malaria due to continuous exposure to malaria.
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