SynthesisDeutsches Arzteblatt international2016
The Risk of Bacterial Infection After Tattooing.
Synthesis in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dermatological and Ophthalmological Inflammatory, Infectious, and Tumoral Tattoo-Related Reactions: A Systematic Review.The Permanente journal · 2021Pooled it
- Blood, ink, and flies: A case report on the house fly (Musca domestica) feeding on active tattooing wounds.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Dermal tattoos in biomedicine: Emerging platforms for sensing and therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Nontuberculous mycobacteria skin infections associated with tattoos.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Gram-Negative Bacteremia With Atypical Neurologic Presentation Following Tattoo Application.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Detection of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria from commercial tattoo and permanent makeup inks.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Antibiotics-encapsulated nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of wound infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Oleogel Containing Sustainably Prepared Silver-Based Nanomaterials for Topical Application.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- [Useful knowledge regarding tattoos].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Recalls of tattoo and permanent makeup inks in the United States and a follow-up microbiological survey of inks with a previous recall history.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Immune Response in Laser Tattoo Removal: A Systematic Review.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2023Review
- Complication after nipple-areolar complex tattooing performed by a non-medical person: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Complete Genome Sequence of Metabacillus litoralis Strain NCTR108, Isolated from Commercial Tattoo Ink.Microbiology resource announcements · 2022Article
- Case report on right ventricular mural endocarditis, not diagnosed clinically, but histopathologically after cardiac surgery.European heart journal. Case reports · 2022Article
- Microbiological Survey of 47 Permanent Makeup Inks Available in the United States.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- A Study of Body Modification Artists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Infection Control: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Article
- Disposal of Waste from Tattoo and Beauty Parlors in Poland: A Survey-Based Analysis on Epidemiological Safety.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- "Body modification: piercing and tattooing in congenital heart disease patients", decoration or disaster?-a narrative review.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTattooing is a globally growing trend. Overall prevalence among adults in industrialized countries is around 10-20%. Given the high and increasing numbers of tattooed people worldwide, medical and public health implications emerging from tattooing trends require greater attention not only by the public, but also by medical professionals and health policy makers.
methodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature on tattooassociated bacterial infections and bacterial contamination of tattoo inks. Furthermore, we surveyed tattoo inks sampled during an international tattoo convention in Germany to study their microbial status.
resultsOur systematic review identified 67 cases published between 1984 and 2015, mainly documenting serious bacterial infectious complications after intradermal deposition of tattoo inks. Both local skin infections (e.g. abscesses, necrotizing fasciitis) and systemic infections (e.g. endocarditis, septic shock) were reported. Published bacteriological surveys showed that opened as well as unopened tattoo ink bottles frequently contained clinically relevant levels of bacteria indicating that the manufactured tattoo product itself may be a source of infection. In our bacteriological survey, two of 39 colorants were contaminated with aerobic mesophilic bacteria.
conclusionInappropriate hygiene measures in tattoo parlors and non-medical wound care are major risk factors for tattoo-related infections. In addition, facultative pathogenic bacterial species can be isolated from tattoo inks in use, which may pose a serious health risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.