ArticlePloS one2016
Submicroscopic and Asymptomatic Plasmodium Parasitaemia Associated with Significant Risk of Anaemia in Papua, Indonesia.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and proportion estimate of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Low risk of recurrence following artesunate-Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine plus primaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections in the Republic of the Sudan.Malaria journal · 2018Trial
- Uncovering silent malaria reservoirs in Southern Ethiopia: community-based molecular detection of asymptomatic and sub-microscopic infections and their implications for diagnosis and control.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Chronic Malaria Is Associated With Trauma-related Splenic Rupture Requiring Splenectomy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The role of the spleen in red blood cell loss caused by malaria: A mathematical model.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Systems approach identifies monocyte imbalance in symptomatic and asymptomatic P. vivax malaria.Molecular systems biology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection and associated risk factors in Mizan-Aman town, Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Association between asymptomatic submicroscopic and microscopic malaria infections and anemia: A study in southern Benin.PloS one · 2025Article
- Recurrence patterns and evolution of submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections in malaria-endemic areas of the Peruvian Amazon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Microheterogeneity of Transmission Shapes Submicroscopic Malaria Carriage in Coastal Tanzania.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Burden of Submicroscopic Plasmodium Infections and Detection of kelch13 Mutant Parasites in Military and Civilian Populations in Papua New Guinea.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Naturally acquired immunity toParasitology · 2024Article
- Retention of uninfected red blood cells causing congestive splenomegaly is the major mechanism of anemia in malaria.American journal of hematology · 2024Article
- Field evaluation of a novel semi-quantitative point-of-care diagnostic for G6PD deficiency in Indonesia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Case Report: Severe Plasmodium vivax Malaria after Splenectomy.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Non-falciparum species and submicroscopic infections in three epidemiological malaria facets in Cameroon.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Increased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vivax malaria and severe falciparum malaria.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Evaluating recurrent episodes of malaria incidence in Timika, Indonesia, through a Markovian multiple-state model.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Submicroscopic Plasmodium infections are an important parasite reservoir, but their clinical relevance is poorly defined. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in southern Papua, Indonesia, using cluster random sampling. Data were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for haemoglobin measurement. Plasmodium parasitaemia was determined by blood film microscopy and PCR. Between April and July 2013, 800 households and 2,830 individuals were surveyed. Peripheral parasitaemia was detected in 37.7% (968/2,567) of individuals, 36.8% (357) of whom were identified by blood film examination. Overall the prevalence of P. falciparum parasitaemia was 15.4% (396/2567) and that of P. vivax 18.3% (471/2567). In parasitaemic individuals, submicroscopic infection was significantly more likely in adults (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.82 [95%CI: 2.49-5.86], p<0.001) compared to children, females (AOR = 1.41 [1.07-1.86], p = 0.013), individuals not sleeping under a bednet (AOR = 1.4 [1.0-1.8], p = 0.035), and being afebrile (AOR = 3.2 [1.49-6.93], p = 0.003). The risk of anaemia (according to WHO guidelines) was 32.8% and significantly increased in those with asymptomatic parasitaemia (AOR 2.9 [95% 2.1-4.0], p = 0.007), and submicroscopic P. falciparum infections (AOR 2.5 [95% 1.7-3.6], p = 0.002). Asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections in this area co-endemic for P. falciparum and P. vivax constitute two thirds of detectable parasitaemia and are associated with a high risk of anaemia. Novel public health strategies are needed to detect and eliminate these parasite reservoirs, for the benefit both of the patient and the community.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.