ArticlePloS one2016
A Cinnamon-Derived Procyanidin Compound Displays Anti-HIV-1 Activity by Blocking Heparan Sulfate- and Co-Receptor- Binding Sites on gp120 and Reverses T Cell Exhaustion via Impeding Tim-3 and PD-1 Upregulation.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proanthocyanidins carbon dots inhibit PRRSV infection by activating Nrf2/ARE to regulate oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- How Can Plant-Derived Natural Products and Plant Biotechnology Help Against Emerging Viruses?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Litchi procyanidins inhibit colon cancer proliferation and metastasis by triggering gut-lung axis immunotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Curcumin-Loaded Silica Nanoparticles: Applications in Infectious Disease and Food Industry.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Procyanidins: From Agro-Industrial Waste to Food as Bioactive Molecules.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Antiviral Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin: An Update.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Flavonoids as Promising Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Mechanistic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Docking Prediction, Antifungal Activity, Anti-Biofilm Effects onMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- anti-HCoV: A web resource to collect natural compounds against human coronaviruses.Trends in food science & technology · 2020Review
- Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Anti-infective Properties of the Golden Spice Curcumin.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- A cinnamon-derived procyanidin type A compound inhibits hepatitis C virus cell entry.Hepatology international · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Amongst the many strategies aiming at inhibiting HIV-1 infection, blocking viral entry has been recently recognized as a very promising approach. Using diverse in vitro models and a broad range of HIV-1 primary patient isolates, we report here that IND02, a type A procyanidin polyphenol extracted from cinnamon, that features trimeric and pentameric forms displays an anti-HIV-1 activity against CXCR4 and CCR5 viruses with 1-7 μM ED50 for the trimer. Competition experiments, using a surface plasmon resonance-based binding assay, revealed that IND02 inhibited envelope binding to CD4 and heparan sulphate (HS) as well as to an antibody (mAb 17b) directed against the gp120 co-receptor binding site with an IC50 in the low μM range. IND02 has thus the remarkable property of simultaneously blocking gp120 binding to its major host cell surface counterparts. Additionally, the IND02-trimer impeded up-regulation of the inhibitory receptors Tim-3 and PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ cells, thereby demonstrating its beneficial effect by limiting T cell exhaustion. Among naturally derived products significantly inhibiting HIV-1, the IND02-trimer is the first component demonstrating an entry inhibition property through binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein. These data suggest that cinnamon, a widely consumed spice, could represent a novel and promising candidate for a cost-effective, natural entry inhibitor for HIV-1 which can also down-modulate T cell exhaustion markers Tim-3 and PD-1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.