ArticlePloS one2016
The Relationship between Symptom Severity and Low Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D as a Modifiable Risk Factor in Schizophrenia a Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Serum vitamin D level in patients with schizophrenia: A community-based study.The Indian journal of medical research · 2022Article
- The psychotropic effect of vitamin D supplementation on schizophrenia symptoms.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Dysbiosis, gut-blood barrier rupture and autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia.Reumatologia · 2021Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Diets and Schizophrenia.Clinical nutrition research · 2020Review
- Hypovitaminosis D is associated with negative symptoms, suicide risk, agoraphobia, impaired functional remission, and antidepressant consumption in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Article
- Symptomatic Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency in First-Episode Psychosis.Psychiatry journal · 2019Article
- Association Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Psychotic Disorders.Psychiatry investigation · 2018Article
- Review
- [All-rounder vitamin D?]Der Nervenarzt · 2017Review
- Vitamin D Levels in Different Severity Groups of Schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn recent years, the relationship between schizophrenia and environmental factors has come into prominence. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels and the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia by comparing vitamin D levels between patients with schizophrenia and a healthy control group.
methodsThe study included 80 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 74 age- and sex-matched controls. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) were used to evaluate symptom severity. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels of all subjects both patients and healthy controls were analyzed in relation to measurements of symptom severity.
resultsThere were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, sex, or physical activity. Their mean 25OHD levels were also similar (23.46±13.98ng/mL for the patient group and 23.69±9.61ng/mL for the control group). But when patients with schizophrenia were grouped based on their vitamin D levels, the results indicated a statistically significant differences between their vitamin D levels and their total SANS, affective flattening, and total SAPS, bizarre behavior and positive formal thought disorder scores (p = 0.019, p = 0.004, p = 0.015, p = 0.009 and p = 0.019, respectively). There is a negative correlation between 25OHD levels and SANS total points (r = -0.232, p = 0.038); a negative correlation for attention points (r = -0.227, p = 0.044) and negative correlation with positive formal thoughts (r = -0.257, p = 0.021).
conclusionThe results of this study show a relationship between lower levels of vitamin D and the occurrence of positive and negative symptoms, along with increased severity of symptoms at lower levels of vitamin D, suggesting that treatment for schizophrenia should include assessment of patients' vitamin D levels. We recommend that patients with schizophrenia should be assessed with regard to their vitamin D levels.
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