Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27788053›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2016

Determinants of the Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy.

Rebecca J Moon, Nicholas C Harvey, Cyrus Cooper, Stefania D'Angelo, Sarah R Crozier, Hazel M Inskip, Inez Schoenmakers, Ann Prentice, Nigel K Arden, Nicholas J Bishop and 12 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. The effect of pregnancy vitamin D supplementation on offspring bone mineral density in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Guideline
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Article
  12. Early Life Programming of Skeletal Health.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Rebecca J MoonMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Nicholas C HarveyMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Cyrus CooperMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Stefania D'AngeloMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Sarah R CrozierMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Hazel M InskipMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Inez SchoenmakersMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Ann PrenticeMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Nigel K ArdenMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Nicholas J BishopMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Andrew CarrMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Elaine M DennisonMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Richard EastellMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Robert FraserMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Saurabh V GandhiMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Keith M GodfreyMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Stephen KennedyMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
M Zulf MughalMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Aris T PapageorghiouMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
David M ReidMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
Sian M RobinsonMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.
M Kassim JavaidMedical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton) (R.J.M., N.C.H., C.C., S.D., S.R.C., H.M.I., E.M.D., K.M.G., S.M.R.), Southampton General Hospital; Paediatric Endocrinology (R.J.M.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre (N.C.H., C.C., K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (C.C., N.K.A., A.C., M.K.J.), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research (I.S., A.P.), Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB1 9NL; Academic Unit of Child Health (N.J.B.), Sheffield Children's Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2TH; Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism (R.E.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom S5 7AU; Sheffield Hospitals NHS Trust (University of Sheffield) (R.F., S.V.G.), Sheffield, United Kingdom S10 2SF; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K., A.T.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom OX3 9DU; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology (M.Z.M.), Royal Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom M13 9WL; and School of Medicine and Dentistry (D.M.R.), Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom AB25 2ZD; Department of Medicine (I.S.), Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom NR4 7TJ.

Funding

Arthritis Research UK 17702Arthritis Research UK 21231Department of Health 10/33/04Department of Health HTA/10/33/04Medical Research Council 4050502589Medical Research Council G0400491Medical Research Council MC_U105960371Medical Research Council MC_U147574212Medical Research Council MC_U147574218Medical Research Council MC_U147574222Medical Research Council MC_U147574226Medical Research Council MC_U147574234Medical Research Council MC_U147574237Medical Research Council MC_U147585819Medical Research Council MC_U147585824Medical Research Council MC_U147585827Medical Research Council MC_UP_A620_1014Medical Research Council MC_UP_A620_1017Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/2Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/4Medical Research Council MR/K006312/1Versus Arthritis 17702Versus Arthritis 19583Versus Arthritis 21231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextCurrent approaches to antenatal vitamin D supplementation do not account for interindividual differences in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) response.

objectiveWe assessed which maternal and environmental characteristics were associated with 25(OH)D after supplementation with cholecalciferol.

designWithin-randomization-group analysis of participants in the Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study trial of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy.

settingHospital antenatal clinics.

participantsA total of 829 pregnant women (422 placebo, 407 cholecalciferol). At 14 and 34 weeks of gestation, maternal anthropometry, health, and lifestyle were assessed and 25(OH)D measured. Compliance was determined using pill counts at 19 and 34 weeks.

interventions1000 IU/d of cholecalciferol or matched placebo from 14 weeks of gestation until delivery.

main outcome measure25(OH)D at 34 weeks, measured in a single batch (Diasorin Liaison).

results25(OH)D at 34 weeks of gestation was higher in the women randomized to vitamin D (mean [SD], 67.7 [21.3] nmol/L) compared with placebo (43.1 [22.5] nmol/L; P < .001). In women randomized to cholecalciferol, higher pregnancy weight gain from 14 to 34 weeks of gestation (kg) (β = -0.81 [95% confidence interval -1.39, -0.22]), lower compliance with study medication (%) (β = -0.28 [-0.072, -0.48]), lower early pregnancy 25(OH)D (nmol/L) (β = 0.28 [0.16, 0.40]), and delivery in the winter vs the summer (β = -10.5 [-6.4, -14.6]) were independently associated with lower 25(OH)D at 34 weeks of gestation.

conclusionsWomen who gained more weight during pregnancy had lower 25(OH)D in early pregnancy and delivered in winter achieved a lower 25(OH)D in late pregnancy when supplemented with 1000 IU/d cholecalciferol. Future studies should aim to determine appropriate doses to enable consistent repletion of 25(OH)D during pregnancy.

Indexed as

Outcome Assessment, Health CareWeight GainAdultCholecalciferolDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansPregnancyPregnancy TrimestersSeasonsVitamin DVitaminsYoung Adult25-hydroxyvitamin DCholecalciferolVitamin DVitamins

Identifiers

PMID27788053
PMCPMC5155676

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