Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27787528›Full record

ArticleNanoscale2016

The active modulation of drug release by an ionic field effect transistor for an ultra-low power implantable nanofluidic system.

Giacomo Bruno, Giancarlo Canavese, Xuewu Liu, Carly S Filgueira, Adriano Sacco, Danilo Demarchi, Mauro Ferrari, Alessandro Grattoni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nanoscale, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Smart closed-loop drug delivery systems.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025
    Article
  3. A Wireless Implantable Closed-Loop Electrochemical Drug Delivery System.IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Transcutaneously refillable nanofluidic implant achieves sustained level of tenofovir diphosphate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Giacomo BrunoDepartment of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agrattoni@houstonmethodist.org and Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.
Giancarlo CanaveseDepartment of Applied Sciences and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.
Xuewu LiuDepartment of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agrattoni@houstonmethodist.org.
Carly S FilgueiraDepartment of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agrattoni@houstonmethodist.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-303X
Adriano SaccoCenter for Sustainable Futures @POLITO, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, Turin 10129, Italy.
Danilo DemarchiDepartment of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin 10129, Italy.
Mauro FerrariDepartment of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agrattoni@houstonmethodist.org.
Alessandro GrattoniDepartment of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agrattoni@houstonmethodist.org.
Houston Methodist · USPolytechnic University of Turin · ITCenter for Sustainable Future Technologies · IT

Funding

A tunable delivery platform for in vivo investigation of therapeuticsR21GM111544 · NIGMS · METHODIST HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GRATTONI, ALESSANDRO · 2014 to 2016
$598k
NIGMS NIH HHS R21 GM111544
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We report an electro-nanofluidic membrane for tunable, ultra-low power drug delivery employing an ionic field effect transistor. Therapeutic release from a drug reservoir was successfully modulated, with high energy efficiency, by actively adjusting the surface charge of slit-nanochannels 50, 110, and 160 nm in size, by the polarization of a buried gate electrode and the consequent variation of the electrical double layer in the nanochannel. We demonstrated control over the transport of ionic species, including two relevant hypertension drugs, atenolol and perindopril, that could benefit from such modulation. By leveraging concentration-driven diffusion, we achieve a 2 to 3 order of magnitude reduction in power consumption as compared to other electrokinetic phenomena. The application of a small gate potential (±5 V) in close proximity (150 nm) of 50 nm nanochannels generated a sufficiently strong electric field, which doubled or blocked the ionic flux depending on the polarity of the voltage applied. These compelling findings can lead to next generation, more reliable, smaller, and longer lasting drug delivery implants with ultra-low power consumption.

Identifiers

PMID27787528
PMCPMC5166607
OpenAlexW2530159130

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.