ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2016
HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Worldwide Occurrence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and Its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Frascati-Criteria-Based HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) in HIV-Infected Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid reveals pathogen spectrum and mortality predictors among patients with advanced HIV-1 disease at a tertiary hospital in China.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Clinical presentation of neurosyphilis - a single-center retrospective data analysis.Neurological research and practice · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based analysis of prognostic factors in patients with tuberculous meningitis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Case Report: Immune reconstitution-related neurological deterioration in advanced HIV infection with multiple opportunistic infections: a diagnostic challenge.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in cryptococcal infections-associated immunopathology and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Hemichorea-Hemiballismus As Presentation of Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis in an Immunocompromised Host.Cureus · 2026Article
- Star-Shaped Glatiramer Acetate Mitigates Pulmonary Dysfunction and Brain Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Cryptococcus-Associated IRIS.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as a rare first manifestation of AIDS: case report.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2025Article
- Clinical and imaging characteristics of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with HIV/AIDS with different immune statuses.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Neurovirulent Pathogens Across the Human Lifespan: A Balancing Act.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Machine Learning-Based Diagnosis of Cryptococcal Meningitis and Tuberculous Meningitis: A Single-Center Retrospective Clinical Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Construction of a nomogram model based on multiple factors to differentiate cryptococcal meningitis from tuberculous meningitis in HIV-Infected patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neuron-restricted cytomegalovirus latency in the central nervous system regulated by CD4Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- A Machine Learning Model for Diagnosing Opportunistic Infections in HIV Patients: Broad Applicability Across Infection Types.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Portable ultra-low-field MRI for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Case studies, sensitivity, and potential applications.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Neurovirulent Pathogens Across the Human Lifespan: A Balancing Act.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the role of the susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence in a case of immunosuppression of an initially unknown cause.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nearly 30 years after the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), CNS opportunistic infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Unknown HIV-positive disease status, antiretroviral drug resistance, poor drug compliance, and recreational drug abuse are factors that continue to influence the morbidity and mortality of infections. The clinical and radiographic pattern of CNS opportunistic infections is unique in the setting of HIV infection: opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients often have characteristic clinical and radiological presentations that can differ from the presentation of opportunistic infections in immunocompetent patients and are often sufficient to establish the diagnosis. ART in the setting of these opportunistic infections can lead to a paradoxical worsening caused by an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). In this Review, we discuss several of the most common CNS opportunistic infections: cerebral toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), tuberculous meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis and cytomegalovirus infection, with an emphasis on clinical pearls, pathological findings, MRI findings and treatment. Moreover, we discuss the risk factors, pathophysiology and management of IRIS. We also summarize the challenges that remain in management of CNS opportunistic infections, which includes the lack of phase II and III clinical trials, absence of antimicrobials for infections such as PML, and controversy regarding the use of corticosteroids for treatment of IRIS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.