Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27784277›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2016

Air pollution, neighbourhood and maternal-level factors modify the effect of smoking on birth weight: a multilevel analysis in British Columbia, Canada.

Anders C Erickson, Aleck Ostry, Hing Man Chan, Laura Arbour

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anders C EricksonDivision of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Science Bld. Rm-104, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, V8W 2Y2, BC, Canada.
Aleck OstryDepartment of Geography, University of Victoria, David Turpin Bldg. Rm-B203, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, V8W 2Y2, BC, Canada.
Hing Man ChanCenter for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, K1N 6 N5, ON, Canada.
Laura ArbourDivision of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Science Bld. Rm-104, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, V8W 2Y2, BC, Canada. larbour@uvic.ca.

Funding

CIHR 200903-202069
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy negatively impacts fetal growth, but the effect is not homogenous across the population. We sought to determine how the relationship between cigarette use and fetal growth is modified by the social and physical environment.

methodsBirth records with covariates were obtained from the BC Perinatal Database Registry (N = 232,291). Maternal smoking status was self-reported as the number of cigarettes smoked per day usually at the first prenatal care visit. Census dissemination areas (DAs) were used as neighbourhood-level units and linked to individual births using residential postal codes to assign exposure to particulate air pollution (PM

resultsA significant negative and non-linear association was found between maternal smoking and birth weight. There was significant between-DA intercept variability in birth weight as well as between-DA slope variability of maternal smoking on birth weight of which 68 and 30 % respectively was explained with the inclusion of DA-level variables and their cross-level interactions. High DA-level SES had a strong positive association with birth weight but the effect was moderated with increased cigarettes/day. Conversely, heavy smokers showed the largest increases in birth weight with rising neighbourhood education levels. Increased levels of PM

conclusionMaternal smoking had a negative and non-linear dose-response association with birth weight which was highly variable between neighbourhoods and evidence of effect modification with neighbourhood-level factors. These results suggest that focusing exclusively on individual behaviours may have limited success in improving outcomes without addressing the contextual influences at the neighbourhood-level. Further studies are needed to corroborate our findings and to understand how neighbourhood-level attributes interact with smoking to affect birth outcomes.

Indexed as

Birth WeightMothersAdultAir PollutionBritish ColumbiaCross-Sectional StudiesEducational StatusEmigrants and ImmigrantsFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMalePregnancyResidence CharacteristicsRural PopulationSmokingAir pollutionBirth weightEffect modificationMaternal smokingMultilevel modelsSocioeconomic factors

Identifiers

PMID27784277
PMCPMC5080752

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.