ReviewImmunological reviews2016
Complement component C3 - The "Swiss Army Knife" of innate immunity and host defense.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 267 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
267 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between serum complement C3 and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Pitfalls in complement analysis: A systematic literature review of assessing complement activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The Potent Complement Stimulus of Sanguineous Versus Crystalloid Cardiopulmonary Bypass Prime during Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery · 2026Observational
- Serum proteomic profiling identifies pathways and protein signatures associated with earlyRSC advances · 2026Article
- Infectious triggers in IgA vasculitis in children: current evidence, causal attribution and immunopathogenic mechanisms.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Advances in Complement Research: from Pathophysiology to Precision Medicine.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- The immunomodulatory effect of continuous ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiac surgery.Perfusion · 2026Observational
- Liver-derived complement component 3 promotes the susceptibility to stress-induced depression by impairing blood-brain barrier integrity.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Protective role of complement signaling in Kawasaki disease vasculitis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Prediction Analysis of Novel Noncoding Regulatory Variants Identified in the MicroRNA Binding Regions in Complement System Genes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- An interpretable prediction model for severe sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in older ICU patients with sepsis: a prospective multicenter cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Review
- The evolving landscape of complement therapeutics in rheumatology.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2026Review
- Shifting From Systemic to Precision-Targeted Complement Therapies: Opportunities and Hurdles.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insight into complement C3 regulation during chronic HBV infection: effect on viral persistence and host immune response.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- Redundant and distinct mechanisms suppress innate immune activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Pegcetacoplan in idiopathic and familial pediatric C3 glomerulopathy.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Observational
- The Arp2/3 complex is required for in situ haptotactic response of microglia to iC3b.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Recurrent invasive fungal infection with locally advanced thymoma: diagnostic challenges in complex mediastinal disease.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Article
- microRNA-132 attenuates inflammation in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia from Alzheimer's disease patients.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
207 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As a preformed defense system, complement faces a delicate challenge in providing an immediate, forceful response to pathogens even at first encounter, while sparing host cells in the process. For this purpose, it engages a tightly regulated network of plasma proteins, cell surface receptors, and regulators. Complement component C3 plays a particularly versatile role in this process by keeping the cascade alert, acting as a point of convergence of activation pathways, fueling the amplification of the complement response, exerting direct effector functions, and helping to coordinate downstream immune responses. In recent years, it has become evident that nature engages the power of C3 not only to clear pathogens but also for a variety of homeostatic processes ranging from tissue regeneration and synapse pruning to clearing debris and controlling tumor cell progression. At the same time, its central position in immune surveillance makes C3 a target for microbial immune evasion and, if improperly engaged, a trigger point for various clinical conditions. In our review, we look at the versatile roles and evolutionary journey of C3, discuss new insights into the molecular basis for C3 function, provide examples of disease involvement, and summarize the emerging potential of C3 as a therapeutic target.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.