ReviewImmunological reviews2016
Protection of host cells by complement regulators.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting the Roots of Kidney Disease: Systematic Review of the Therapies Targeting the Complement System.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Therapeutic Targeting of the Complement System: From Rare Diseases to Pandemics.Pharmacological reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Bioorthogonal tuning of nanosurface opsonisationChemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- The Complement System and Its Role in Eosinophilic Inflammation in Respiratory Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Multifaceted Role of Extracellular Vesicles: Intercellular Messengers to Therapeutic Applications: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- A key regulator of missing-self innate immunity is polymorphic and under diversifying selection.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Complement system in kidney transplantation: from innate immune surveillance to a therapeutic and genetic engineering target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Structural insights into C3 convertase activity of the classical pathway of complement.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genetic variants in the CD59 gene: An exploratory study of large genome databases.Transfusion · 2025Article
- Action of the Terminal Complement Pathway on Cell Membranes.The Journal of membrane biology · 2025Review
- BBK32 attenuates antibody-dependent complement-mediated killing of infectious Borreliella burgdorferi isolates.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Engineering the Immune Response to Biomaterials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Exosomal-complement system activation in preeclampsia.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2025Review
- Aberrant systemic acute-phase complement responses in conjunction with soluble CR1 attribute to varying grades of dengue disease severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Claudin-2 enhances human antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity of porcine endothelial cells by modulating antibody binding and complement activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- [What is proven in the treatment of complement-mediated kidney diseases?]Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- The Crystal Structure of the Michaelis-Menten Complex of C1 Esterase Inhibitor and C1s Reveals Novel Insights into Complement Regulation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- CD59 gene: 143 haplotypes of 22,718 nucleotides length by computational phasing in 113 individuals from different ethnicities.Transfusion · 2024Article
- A Cell-Based Assay to Measure the Activity of the Complement Convertases.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Triple-fusion protein (TriFu): A potent, targeted, enzyme-like inhibitor of all three complement activation pathways.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The complement cascade is an ancient immune-surveillance system that not only provides protection from pathogen invasion but has also evolved to participate in physiological processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. The alternative pathway (AP) of complement activation is the evolutionarily oldest part of this innate immune cascade. It is unique in that it is continuously activated at a low level and arbitrarily probes foreign, modified-self, and also unaltered self-structures. This indiscriminate activation necessitates the presence of preformed regulators on autologous surfaces to spare self-cells from the undirected nature of AP activation. Although the other two canonical complement activation routes, the classical and lectin pathways, initiate the cascade more specifically through pattern recognition, their activity still needs to be tightly controlled to avoid excessive reactivity. It is the perpetual duty of complement regulators to protect the self from damage inflicted by inadequate complement activation. Here, we review the role of complement regulators as preformed mediators of defense, explain their common and specialized functions, and discuss selected cases in which alterations in complement regulators lead to disease. Finally, rational engineering approaches using natural complement inhibitors as potential therapeutics are highlighted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.