Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2017
Less-than-expected weight loss in normal-weight women undergoing caloric restriction and exercise is accompanied by preservation of fat-free mass and metabolic adaptations.
Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 2: Clinical Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play for Adolescents and Adults.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Guideline
- Impact of a 4-Week Intensified Endurance Training Intervention on Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) and Performance Among Well-Trained Male Cyclists.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Trial
- Association between energy availability and sleep quality in elite female and male swimmers: a brief report.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Article
- Weight Loss Plateau: Reasons, Challenges, and Solutions: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Energy intake and expenditure of Japanese male soccer, long-distance running, and road cycling athletes across multiple teams.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- 2025 Update to the Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement Part 1: State of the Science and Introduction of a New Adolescent Model.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Adaptive thermogenesis driving catch-up fat during weight regain: a role for skeletal muscle hypothyroidism and a risk for sarcopenic obesity.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Multidisciplinary Education and Treatment Protocol for the Female Athlete Triad (1996-2022).Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Does Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Syndrome Exist?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Does eating less or exercising more to reduce energy availability produce distinct metabolic responses?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- The Influence of Energy Balance and Availability on Resting Metabolic Rate: Implications for Assessment and Future Research Directions.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Cross-Validation of a New General Population Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equation Based on Body Composition.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Comparison between predicted and measured resting energy expenditures in Korean male collegiate soccer players.Physical activity and nutrition · 2022Article
- Dietary Iron and the Elite Dancer.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Association of energy availability with resting metabolic rates in competitive female teenage runners: a cross-sectional study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021Article
- Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): Shared Pathways, Symptoms and Complexities.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Has Menstruation Disappeared? Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea-What Is This Story about?Nutrients · 2021Review
- Response.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2019Article
- Endpoint of Bariatric Surgery is Not Only Preservation of Free Fat Mass but Restoration of Normal Body Composition.Obesity surgery · 2017Article
- Energy Intake Deficiency Promotes Bone Resorption and Energy Metabolism Suppression in Japanese Male Endurance Runners: A Pilot Study.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesNormal-weight women frequently restrict their caloric intake and exercise, but little is known about the effects on body weight, body composition and metabolic adaptations in this population. SUBJECTS/
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in sedentary normal-weight women. Women were assigned to a severe energy deficit (SEV: -1062±80 kcal per day; n=9), a moderate energy deficit (MOD: -633±71 kcal per day; n=7) or energy balance (BAL; n=9) while exercising five times per week for 3 months. Outcome variables included changes in body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and metabolic hormones associated with energy conservation.
resultsWeight loss occurred in SEV (-3.7±0.9 kg, P<0.001) and MOD (-2.7±0.8 kg; P=0.003), but weight loss was significantly less than predicted (SEV: -11.1±1.0 kg; MOD: -6.5±1.1 kg; both P<0.001 vs actual). Fat mass declined in SEV (P<0.001) and MOD (P=0.006), whereas fat-free mass remained unchanged in all groups (P>0.33). RMR decreased by -6±2% in MOD (P=0.020). In SEV, RMR did not change on a group level (P=0.66), but participants whose RMR declined lost more weight (P=0.020) and had a higher baseline RMR (P=0.026) than those whose RMR did not decrease. Characteristic changes in leptin (P=0.003), tri-iodothyronine (P=0.013), insulin-like growth factor-1 (P=0.016) and ghrelin (P=0.049) occurred only in SEV. The energy deficit and adaptive changes in RMR explained 54% of the observed weight loss.
conclusionsIn normal-weight women, caloric restriction and exercise resulted in less-than-predicted weight loss. In contrast to previous literature, weight loss consisted almost exclusively of fat mass, whereas fat-free mass was preserved.
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Registered trials
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