ReviewToxins2016
Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria.
Review in Toxins, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Overview of Type II and III Toxin-Antitoxin Systems with a Focus on Druggability.Toxins · 2018Pooled it
- Genomic profiling ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Review
- Virulence factors ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Recent Characterization of Key Proteins to Combat Tuberculosis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- The influence of environmental factors on the diversity and structure of airborne fungal and bacterial communities.Mycology · 2026Review
- Crystal Structure and Functional Characterization of YjgK From Salmonella Typhimurium.Proteins · 2025Article
- Insight into the environmental cues modulating the expression of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic characterization of thermophilic bacterium Sinimarinibacterium thermocellulolyticum sp. nov. HSW-8Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of a novel type II toxin-antitoxin system in Aeromonas veronii.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- PCR Development for Analysis of Some Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems, relJK, mazEF3, and vapBC3 Genes, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- The Vibrio cholerae CBASS phage defence system modulates resistance and killing by antifolate antibiotics.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- A review of pathogenic airborne fungi and bacteria: unveiling occurrence, sources, and profound human health implication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Shrimp-PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Type II bacterial toxin-antitoxins: hypotheses, facts, and the newfound plethora of the PezAT system.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- MenT nucleotidyltransferase toxins extend tRNA acceptor stems and can be inhibited by asymmetrical antitoxin binding.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Applications of toxin-antitoxin systems in synthetic biology.Engineering microbiology · 2023Review
- Dynamics-Based Regulatory Switches of Type II Antitoxins: Insights into New Antimicrobial Discovery.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Toxin-antitoxin systems in pathogenic3 Biotech · 2022Review
- Structural insights into the PrpTA toxin-antitoxin system inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have received increasing attention for their diverse identities, structures, and functional implications in cell cycle arrest and survival against environmental stresses such as nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatments, and immune system attacks. In this review, we describe the biological functions and the auto-regulatory mechanisms of six different types of TA systems, among which the type II TA system has been most extensively studied. The functions of type II toxins include mRNA/tRNA cleavage, gyrase/ribosome poison, and protein phosphorylation, which can be neutralized by their cognate antitoxins. We mainly explore the similar but divergent structures of type II TA proteins from 12 important pathogenic bacteria, including various aspects of protein-protein interactions. Accumulating knowledge about the structure-function correlation of TA systems from pathogenic bacteria has facilitated a novel strategy to develop antibiotic drugs that target specific pathogens. These molecules could increase the intrinsic activity of the toxin by artificially interfering with the intermolecular network of the TA systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.