Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27781339›Full record

ArticleNeurogastroenterology and motility2017

Tumor necrosis factor alpha derived from classically activated "M1" macrophages reduces interstitial cell of Cajal numbers.

S T Eisenman, S J Gibbons, P-J Verhulst, G Cipriani, D Saur, G Farrugia

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. [Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026
    Article
  3. Mass cytometric analysis of circulating monocyte subsets in a murine model of diabetic gastroparesis.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. The enteric nervous system.Physiological reviews · 2023
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Interstitial cells of Cajal in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi · 2023
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Proteomics in gastroparesis: unique and overlapping protein signatures in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2019
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

S T EisenmanEnteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
S J GibbonsEnteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
P-J VerhulstEnteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
G CiprianiEnteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
D SaurDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
G FarrugiaEnteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Mayo Clinic in Arizona · USMayo Clinic · USTechnical University of Munich · DE

Funding

Physiological Characterization and Data Integration CoreP01DK068055 · NIDDK · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI BHARUCHA, ADIL E. · 2004 to 2019
$23.8M
PILOT AND FEASIBILTY PROGRAMP30DK084567 · NIDDK · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Nicholas F. LaRusso · 2009 to 2026
$22.2M
CALCIUM DYNAMICS IN INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF CAJALR01DK057061 · NIDDK · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI GIANRICO FARRUGIA, Tamas Ordog · 2000 to 2026
$8.2M
NIDDK NIH HHS P01 DK068055NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK084567NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK057061
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDelayed gastric emptying in diabetic mice and humans is associated with changes in macrophage phenotype and loss of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gastric muscle layers. In diabetic mice, classically activated M1 macrophages are associated with delayed gastric emptying, whereas alternatively activated M2 macrophages are associated with normal gastric emptying. This study aimed to determine if secreted factors from M1 macrophages could injure mouse ICC in primary culture.

methodsCultures of gastric ICC were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and the effect of CM was quantified by counting ICC per high-powered field. KEY

resultsBone marrow-derived macrophages were activated to a M1 or M2 phenotype confirmed by qRT-PCR. Conditioned medium from M1 macrophages reduced ICC numbers by 41.1%, whereas M2-CM had no effect as compared to unconditioned, control media. Immunoblot analysis of 40 chemokines/cytokines found 12 that were significantly increased in M1-CM, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). ELISA detected 0.697±0.03 ng mL CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: This work demonstrates that TNF-α secreted from M1 macrophages can result in Kit loss and directly injure ICC in vitro partly through caspase-dependent apoptosis and may play an important role in ICC depletion in diabetic gastroparesis.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell CountCells, CulturedDose-Response Relationship, DrugGene Knock-In TechniquesInterstitial Cells of CajalMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor-alphacaspase-mediated apoptosiscell deathcytokinesdiabetic gastroparesisgastrointestinal motility

Identifiers

PMID27781339
PMCPMC5367986
OpenAlexW2532702668

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.