ArticlePloS one2016
Prognostic Importance of Dyspnea for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality in Persons without Prevalent Cardiopulmonary Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of trimetazidine on left ventricular functions and cardiac biomarkers in diabetic patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Dyspnea is severe and associated with a higher intubation rate in de novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Breathlessness and incidence of COPD, cardiac events and all-cause mortality: A 44-year follow-up from middle age throughout life.PloS one · 2019Trial
- GOLD 2026 COPD ABE assessment tool to identify individuals at high risk in a UK multicentre COPD cohort (ERICA).BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Objective dyspnea measurement in real time using a forehead wearable and artificial intelligence.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Ethnic differences in healthcare utilisation and diagnosis after first presentation with breathlessness: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care records.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Patient-reported dyspnoea predicts six-fold increased hospital mortality.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Dyspnea as a marker of prognosis in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Prevalence, severity and impacts of breathlessness in Indian adults: An exploratory, nationally representative, cross-sectional online survey.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Changes in Pulmonary Artery Pressure Late in Life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Article
- Hybrid delivery of cluster-set resistance training for individuals previously treated for lung cancer: the results of a single-arm feasibility trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Review
- 3D morphable systems via deterministic microfolding for vibrational sensing, robotic implants, and reconfigurable telecommunication.Science advances · 2022Article
- Article
- Determinants of exercise intolerance symptoms considered non-specific for heart failure in patients with stage A and B: role of the left atrium in the transition phase to overt heart failure.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2022Article
- Respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular causes of deaths: A population-based study with 45 years of follow-up.PloS one · 2022Article
- Prevalence of dyspnoea and usage of opioids in managing dyspnoea in advanced cancer patients: a longitudinal observational multi-centre study from India.Ecancermedicalscience · 2022Article
- Strengthening the Case for Cluster Set Resistance Training in Aged and Clinical Settings: Emerging Evidence, Proposed Benefits and Suggestions.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Air Hunger: A Primal Sensation and a Primary Element of Dyspnea.Comprehensive Physiology · 2021Article
- Underlying contributing conditions to breathlessness among middle-aged individuals in the general population: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between dyspnea and incident heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients without previously diagnosed cardiopulmonary disease is unclear. We studied the prognostic relevance of self-reported dyspnea for cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in persons without previously diagnosed cardiopulmonary disease. METHODS AND
resultsWe studied 10 881 community-dwelling participants (mean age 57±6, 56% women, 25% black) who were free of prevalent cardiopulmonary disease from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Dyspnea status at study entry using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale. The primary outcomes were time to HF, MI or all-cause death. Dyspnea prevalence was 22%, and was mild (mMRC grade 1 or 2) in 21% and moderate-to-severe (mMRC 3 or 4) in 1%. The main correlates of dyspnea were older age, female sex, higher BMI and active smoking. Over a follow-up of 19±5 years, greater self-reported dyspnea severity was associated with worse prognosis. Mild dyspnea was associated with significantly heightened risk of HF (adjusted Hazard Ratio, HR,1.30; 95% CI: 1.16-1.46), MI (adjusted HR 1.34; 95%CI: 1.20-1.50), and death (adjusted HR 1.16; 95%CI: 1.06-1.26), with moderate/severe dyspnea associated with an even greater risk (adjusted HR 2.14, 95%CI: 1.59-2.89; 1.93, 95%CI: 1.41-2.56; 1.96, 95%CI: 1.55-2.48, respectively).
conclusionIn community-dwelling persons free of previously diagnosed cardiopulmonary disease, self-reported dyspnea is common and, even when of mild intensity, it is independently associated with a greater risk of incident HF, MI, and death. Our data emphasize the prognostic importance of even mild self-reported dyspnea for cardiovascular outcomes.
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