ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Initiation into prescription opioid injection and associated trends in heroin use among people who use illicit drugs.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- A community pharmacy-led intervention for opioid medication misuse: A small-scale randomized clinical trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Initiation of opioid agonist treatment and subsequent substance use and other patterns among adolescents and young adults in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, acceptability and potential stigma among medical and non-medical clinic staff in methadone treatment settings in northern New Jersey: The key role of non-medical staff in enhancing HIV prevention.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Article
- Frequent Cannabis Use Is Negatively Associated with Frequency of Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in a Canadian Setting.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Article
- Preclinical Evaluation of Vaccines to Treat Opioid Use Disorders: How Close are We to a Clinically Viable Therapeutic?CNS drugs · 2020Review
- Coercion into addiction treatment and subsequent substance use patterns among people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Hepatitis C transmission in young people who inject drugs: Insights using a dynamic model informed by state public health surveillance.Epidemics · 2019Article
- PET Imaging Reveals Brain Metabolic Changes in Adolescent Rats Following Chronic Escalating Morphine Administration.Molecular imaging and biology · 2018Article
- An age-based analysis of nonmedical prescription opioid use among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2018Article
- HIV Serostatus and Having Access to a Physician for Regular Hepatitis C Virus Care Among People Who Inject Drugs.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Patterns of Non-injection Drug Use Associated with Injection Cessation among Street-Involved Youth in Vancouver, Canada.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPrescription opioid (PO) injection among people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) is an ongoing concern, yet little is known about drug use trajectories associated with initiating PO injection, including potential associations with heroin use. This study aimed to identify predictors of PO injection initiation among PWUD, and examine trends in heroin use before and after initiating PO injection.
methodsData were merged from three cohorts of PWUD recruited between September 2005 and November 2015. Predictors of PO injection initiation were identified using extended Cox regression models. Trends in heroin use pre- and post-initiation were examined with McNemar's test and compared to matched controls with linear growth curve models.
resultsAmong 1580 participants, 247 initiated PO injection yielding an incidence density of 3.9 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.4-4.4) per 100 person-years. In a multivariable analysis, independent predictors of PO injection initiation included heroin injection (Adjusted Hazard Ratio [AHR]=4.39, 95% CI: 3.24-5.95) and non-injection PO use (AHR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.25-3.17). In a sub-analysis, compared to matched controls, PO injection corresponded with elevated heroin use post-initiation (p≤0.05). DISCUSSION: In this study, heroin use and non-injection PO use strongly predicted PO injection initiation. Those who initiated PO injecting had elevated heroin use patterns post-initiation compared to controls. These findings suggest that transitioning to PO injection does not appear to be a substitute for heroin use among PWUD. These findings highlight the importance of addressing PO injection in harm reduction and treatment settings.
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