ArticleGene therapy2017
Prime-boost using separate oncolytic viruses in combination with checkpoint blockade improves anti-tumour therapy.
Article in Gene therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Review
- Oncolytic Viruses in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Molecular Engineering to Clinical Translation.Cells · 2026Review
- Lipid nanoparticles: a promising tool for nucleic acid delivery in cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Oncolytic immunovirotherapy: finding the tumor antigen needle in the antiviral haystack.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- An Update on the Clinical Status, Challenges, and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Reovirus combined with a STING agonist enhances anti-tumor immunity in a mouse model of colorectal cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Oncolytic viruses and antibodies: are they more successful when delivered separately or when engineered as a single agent?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Review
- Combination therapy with oncolytic viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: an approach of complementary advantages.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment: challenges and optimization prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Apoptotic activity of Newcastle disease virus in comparison with nisin A in MDA-MB-231 cell line.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2023Article
- Enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy through a combination of the armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 and immune checkpoint blockade in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- Telomerase-specific oncolytic immunotherapy for promoting efficacy of PD-1 blockade in osteosarcoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- Oncolytic virotherapy induced CSDE1 neo-antigenesis restricts VSV replication but can be targeted by immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Delivery of cancer therapies by synthetic and bio-inspired nanovectors.Molecular cancer · 2021Review
- In silico trials predict that combination strategies for enhancing vesicular stomatitis oncolytic virus are determined by tumor aggressivity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Kickstarting Immunity in Cold Tumours: Localised Tumour Therapy Combinations With Immune Checkpoint Blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Evolving Role of Oncolytic Virotherapy: Challenges and Prospects in Clinical Practice.JCO precision oncology · 2021Review
- Review
- Oncolytic Adenovirus in Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The anti-tumour effects associated with oncolytic virus therapy are mediated significantly through immune-mediated mechanisms, which depend both on the type of virus and the route of delivery. Here, we show that intra-tumoral oncolysis by Reovirus induced the priming of a CD8+, Th1-type anti-tumour response. By contrast, systemically delivered Vesicular Stomatitis Virus expressing a cDNA library of melanoma antigens (VSV-ASMEL) promoted a potent anti-tumour CD4+ Th17 response. Therefore, we hypothesised that combining the Reovirus-induced CD8+ T cell response, with the VSV-ASMEL CD4+ Th17 helper response, would produce enhanced anti-tumour activity. Consistent with this, priming with intra-tumoral Reovirus, followed by an intra-venous VSV-ASMEL Th17 boost, significantly improved survival of mice bearing established subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumours. We also show that combination of either therapy alone with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade augmented both the Th1 response induced by systemically delivered Reovirus in combination with GM-CSF, and also the Th17 response induced by VSV-ASMEL. Significantly, anti-PD-1 also uncovered an anti-tumour Th1 response following VSV-ASMEL treatment that was not seen in the absence of checkpoint blockade. Finally, the combination of all three treatments (priming with systemically delivered Reovirus, followed by double boosting with systemic VSV-ASMEL and anti-PD-1) significantly enhanced survival, with long-term cures, compared to any individual, or double, combination therapies, associated with strong Th1 and Th17 responses to tumour antigens. Our data show that it is possible to generate fully systemic, highly effective anti-tumour immunovirotherapy by combining oncolytic viruses, along with immune checkpoint blockade, to induce complementary mechanisms of anti-tumour immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.