ArticleChinese medical journal2016
Effects of Roughly Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves Therapy on the Expressions of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Osteoprotegerin in Osteoporotic Fracture in Rats.
Article in Chinese medical journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Total flavonoids from Rhizoma Drynariae (Gusuibu) for treating osteoporotic fractures: implication in clinical practice.Drug design, development and therapy · 2017Pooled it
- The effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on the lumbar spine of osteoporotic rat models.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Cracking the code: Understanding ESWT's role in bone fracture healing.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- The effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on bone mineral density and microarchitecture in animal models of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Review
- Shockwave-driven activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in osteoblasts to enhance bone formation under osteoporotic conditions.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Article
- The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Stroke Patients: Balance, Pain, Spasticity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- The effects and underlying mechanism of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on fracture healing.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The Effects of the Exposure of Musculoskeletal Tissue to Extracorporeal Shock Waves.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Shockwave Therapy Modulates the Expression of BMP2 for Prevention of Bone and Cartilage Loss in the Lower Limbs of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Rat Model.Biomedicines · 2020Article
- Histone deacetylase 4 deletion results in abnormal chondrocyte hypertrophy and premature ossification from collagen type 2α1‑expressing cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2020Article
- Conditional deletion of HDAC4 from collagen type 2α1-expressing cells increases angiogenesis in vivo.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- The assessment of new bone formation induced by unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy applied on pre-surgical phase of distraction osteogenesis.European oral research · 2019Article
- Identified the Synergistic Mechanism ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2019Article
- Regulatory role of microRNA-185 in the recovery process after ankle fracture.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRoughly focused extracorporeal shock waves therapy (ESWT) is characterized by a wide focal area, a large therapy zone, easy positioning, and less pain during treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of roughly focused ESWT on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in osteoporotic fractures in rats.
methodsSeventy-two female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 3 months old, were divided into sham-operated group (n = 6) and an ovariectomized (OVX) group (n = 66). Sixty OVX SD rats were used as a model of double proximal tibial osteotomy and inner fixation. The osteotomy site in the left tibia was treated with roughly focused ESWT once at an energy density of 0.26 mJ/mm2, 60 doses/min, and 2000 pact quantities. The contralateral right tibia was left untreated and served as a control. Expression of OPG and BMP-2 in the callus of the osteoporotic fracture area was assessed using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blotting analysis.
resultsBone mineral density (BMD) at the proximal tibia, femur, and L5 spine was significantly reduced after ovariectomy. BMD of proximal tibia was 12.9% less in the OVX group than that in the sham-operated group. Meanwhile, bilateral oophorectomy resulted in a lower trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the proximal tibia of the sham-OVX animals. Three months after bilateral oophorectomy, BV/TV was 14.29% of baseline BV/TV in OVX legs versus 45.91% in the sham-OVX legs (P < 0.001). These data showed that the SD rats became a suitable model of osteoporosis, 3 months after they were OVX. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher levels of BMP-2 and OPG expression in the treatment group than those in the control group. Compared with the contralateral controls, decreased expression of OPG and BMP-2 at 3 days after roughly focused ESWT, followed by a later increase at 7 days, was indicated by real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. The OPG messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels peaked at 6 weeks after the shock wave treatment, paired with a much earlier (at 4 weeks) increase of BMP-2, and declined close to normal at 8 weeks.
conclusionsRoughly focused ESWT may promote the expression of OPG and BMP-2 in the osteoporotic fracture area in rats. BMP-2 and OPG may act synergistically and may lead to a significant enhancement of bone formation and remodeling.
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