ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2017
Will the Conscious-Subconscious Pacing Quagmire Help Elucidate the Mechanisms of Self-Paced Exercise? New Opportunities in Dual Process Theory and Process Tracing Methods.
Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of nudge-based physical activity interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Pacing Behaviour Development and Acquisition: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2022Pooled it
- Developing negative split pacing in endurance athletes: practical guidelines and training models.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Influence of intellectual disability on exercise regulation: exploring verbal, auditory and visual guidance to contribute to promote inclusive exercise environments.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- Redirected Attention and Impaired Recognition Memory during Exhaustive Cycling Has Implications for Information Processing Models of Effort-Regulation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Role of Cognition and Social Factors in Competition: How Do People with Intellectual Disabilities Respond to Opponents?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Self-Paced Endurance Performance and Cerebral Hemodynamics of the Prefrontal Cortex: A Scoping Review of Methodology and Findings.Perceptual and motor skills · 2022Article
- Deception of cycling distance on pacing strategies, perceptual responses, and neural activity.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2019Article
- Perceived Impact as the Underpinning Mechanism of the End-Spurt and U-Shape Pacing Patterns.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Perceived Fatigability: Utility of a Three-Dimensional Dynamical Systems Framework to Better Understand the Psychophysiological Regulation of Goal-Directed Exercise Behaviour.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Review
- The influence of knowledge of performance endpoint on pacing strategies, perception of effort, and neural activity during 30-km cycling time trials.Physiological reports · 2018Article
- Pacing Decision Making in Sport and the Effects of Interpersonal Competition: A Critical Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Review
- Modelling perception-action coupling in the phenomenological experience of "hitting the wall" during long-distance running with exercise induced muscle damage in highly trained runners.Sports medicine - open · 2018Article
- The Psychophysiological Regulation of Pacing Behaviour and Performance Fatigability During Long-Distance Running with Locomotor Muscle Fatigue and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Highly Trained Runners.Sports medicine - open · 2018Article
- Athletic Races Represent Complex Systems, and Pacing Behavior Should Be Viewed as an Emergent Phenomenon.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Mental Fatigue Alters Cortical Activation and Psychological Responses, Impairing Performance in a Distance-Based Cycling Trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Drive in Sports: How Mental Fatigue Affects Endurance Performance.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Article
- Passion and Pacing in Endurance Performance.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Editorial: Regulation of Endurance Performance: New Frontiers.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The extent to which athletic pacing decisions are made consciously or subconsciously is a prevailing issue. In this article we discuss why the one-dimensional conscious-subconscious debate that has reigned in the pacing literature has suppressed our understanding of the multidimensional processes that occur in pacing decisions. How do we make our decisions in real-life competitive situations? What information do we use and how do we respond to opponents? These are questions that need to be explored and better understood, using smartly designed experiments. The paper provides clarity about key conscious, preconscious, subconscious and unconscious concepts, terms that have previously been used in conflicting and confusing ways. The potential of dual process theory in articulating multidimensional aspects of intuitive and deliberative decision-making processes is discussed in the context of athletic pacing along with associated process-tracing research methods. In attempting to refine pacing models and improve training strategies and psychological skills for athletes, the dual-process framework could be used to gain a clearer understanding of (1) the situational conditions for which either intuitive or deliberative decisions are optimal; (2) how intuitive and deliberative decisions are biased by things such as perception, emotion and experience; and (3) the underlying cognitive mechanisms such as memory, attention allocation, problem solving and hypothetical thought.
Indexed as
Identifiers
27778303What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.