Trial reportJournal of neurology2017
Brain plasticity in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait induced by action observation training.
Trial report in Journal of neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of nine types of exercise rehabilitation therapies on improving limb balance, cognitive and emotional function, and quality of life in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease: a network meta-analysis of 55 RCTs.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Managing freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of Action Observation Therapy as a Rehabilitation Tool in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Exercise on Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Brain Imaging Studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Dance movement therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Functional MRI in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: a systematic review of the literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and Characteristics of the Stimuli of Action Observation Therapy in Subjects With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: A systematic review.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Pooled it
- Action Observation Combined With Virtual Reality Promotes Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Stroke · 2026Trial
- The inertial-based gait normalcy index of dual task cost during turning quantifies gait automaticity improvement in early-stage Parkinson's rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Brain modulation after exergaming training in advanced forms of Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Dual-task gait training improves cognition and resting-state functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease with postural instability and gait disorders.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Trial
- The Added Value of Point-Light Display Observation in Total Knee Arthroplasty Rehabilitation Program: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Trial
- Boxing vs Sensory Exercise for Parkinson's Disease: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2021Trial
- A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Exercise for Parkinsonian Individuals With Freezing of Gait.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2020Trial
- Effect of Group-Based Rehabilitation Combining Action Observation with Physiotherapy on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Neural plasticity · 2018Trial
- EEG Biomarkers During Upper-Limb Action Observation Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- First Evidences of the Point-Light Display Observation Methodology in Multi-Pathology Care: A Retrospective Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Motor and non-motor outcomes post rehabilitation for persons with freezing of gait and Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gait disorders represent a therapeutic challenge in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigated the efficacy of 4-week action observation training (AOT) on disease severity, freezing of gait and motor abilities in PD, and evaluated treatment-related brain functional changes. 25 PD patients with freezing of gait were randomized into two groups: AOT (action observation combined with practicing the observed actions) and "Landscape" (same physical training combined with landscape-videos observation). At baseline and 4-week, patients underwent clinical evaluation and fMRI. Clinical assessment was repeated at 8-week. At 4-week, both groups showed reduced freezing of gait severity, improved walking speed and quality of life. Moreover, AOT was associated with reduced motor disability and improved balance. AOT group showed a sustained positive effect on motor disability, walking speed, balance and quality of life at 8-week, with a trend toward a persisting reduced freezing of gait severity. At 4-week vs. baseline, AOT group showed increased recruitment of fronto-parietal areas during fMRI tasks, while the Landscape group showed a reduced fMRI activity of the left postcentral and inferior parietal gyri and right rolandic operculum and supramarginal gyrus. In AOT group, functional brain changes were associated with clinical improvements at 4-week and predicted clinical evolution at 8-week. AOT has a more lasting effect in improving motor function, gait and quality of life in PD patients relative to physical therapy alone. AOT-related performance gains are associated with an increased recruitment of motor regions and fronto-parietal mirror neuron and attentional control areas.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.