Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2017
Randomized controlled pilot trial of naloxone-on-release to prevent post-prison opioid overdose deaths.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to reduce harms related to drug use among people who experience incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Pooled it
- Interventions for female drug-using offenders.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Opioid-related treatment, interventions, and outcomes among incarcerated persons: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Description of implementing a mail-based overdose education and naloxone distribution program in community supervision settings during COVID-19.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Methods for delivering the UK's multi-centre prison-based naloxone-on-release pilot randomised trial (N-ALIVE): Europe's largest prison-based randomised controlled trial.Drug and alcohol review · 2018Trial
- Reducing opioid overdose in Kazakhstan: A randomized controlled trial of a couple-based integrated HIV/HCV and overdose prevention intervention "Renaissance".The International journal on drug policy · 2018Trial
- Randomized controlled pilot trial of naloxone-on-release to prevent post-prison opioid overdose deaths.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Trial
- Effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of naloxone in carceral settings: a scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- From fairytale to clinical practice: A response to commentaries.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- The effect of take-home naloxone kits on opioid-related deaths in Alberta, Canada: An ecological analysis.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- The implementation of take-home naloxone: Lessons learned from a 3-year take-home naloxone project in Germany.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Take-Home Naloxone in Opioid Dependency: An Intervention to Reduce Opioid-Related Deaths.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Differences in heroin overdose risk associated with the unregulated drug market: Insights from a supervised injecting facility in Melbourne, Australia.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Drug Overdose Death Following Substance Use Disorder Treatment Termination in New York City: A Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- [First Aid Training for Drug Overdose in Opioid Addicts and Provision of Take-Home Naloxone on Release from Prison: Feasibility Study from the Bavarian Model Project].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2023Article
- Record linkage studies of drug-related deaths among adults who were released from prison to the community: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- "Just fighting for my life to stay alive": a qualitative investigation of barriers and facilitators to community re-entry among people with opioid use disorder and incarceration histories.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- Study-design in pandemics: From surveillance and performance-evaluation to licensing and pharmacovigilance.Pharmaceutical statistics · 2022Article
- Do naloxone access laws affect perceived risk of heroin use? Evidence from national US data.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Responding to the opioid crisis in North America and beyond: recommendations of the Stanford-Lancet Commission.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsNaloxone is an opioid antagonist used for emergency resuscitation following opioid overdose. Prisoners with a history of heroin injection have a high risk of drug-related death soon after release from prison. The NALoxone InVEstigation (N-ALIVE) pilot trial (ISRCTN34044390) tested feasibility measures for randomized provision of naloxone-on-release (NOR) to eligible prisoners in England.
designParallel-group randomized controlled pilot trial.
settingEnglish prisons.
participantsA total of 1685 adult heroin injectors, incarcerated for at least 7 days pre-randomization, release due within 3 months and more than 6 months since previous N-ALIVE release.
interventionUsing 1 : 1 minimization, prisoners were randomized to receive on release a pack containing either a single 'rescue' injection of naloxone or a control pack with no syringe. MEASUREMENTS: Key feasibility outcomes were tested against prior expectations: on participation (14 English prisons; 2800 prisoners), consent (75% for randomization), returned prisoner self-questionnaires (RPSQs: 207), NOR-carriage (75% in first 4 weeks) and overdose presence (80%).
findingsPrisons (16) and prisoners (1685) were willing to participate [consent rate, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 70-74%]; 218 RPSQs were received; NOR-carriage (95% CI = 63-79%) and overdose presence (95% CI = 75-84%) were as expected. We randomized 842 to NOR and 843 to control during 30 months but stopped early, because only one-third of NOR administrations were to the ex-prisoner. Nine deaths within 12 weeks of release were registered for 1557 randomized participants released before 9 December 2014.
conclusionsLarge randomized trials are feasible with prison populations. Provision of take-home emergency naloxone prior to prison release may be a life-saving interim measure to prevent heroin overdose deaths among ex-prisoners and the wider population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.