ArticlePloS one2016
Progesterone Alleviates Endometriosis via Inhibition of Uterine Cell Proliferation, Inflammation and Angiogenesis in an Immunocompetent Mouse Model.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- WERF Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project for Experimental Models in Endometriosis Research (EPHect-EM-Homologous): homologous rodent models.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review on the DNA methylation role in endometriosis: current evidence and perspectives.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Pooled it
- Progesterone receptor ligands for the treatment of endometriosis: the mechanisms behind therapeutic success and failure.Human reproduction update · 2020Pooled it
- Progesterone Modulates Protein Synthesis in Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Interactions Between Neurotrophins and Ovarian Steroids in Endometriosis and Their Implications for Neuroangiogenesis: A Narrative Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional characterization of adenomyosis in female mice: Toward a novel system for drug efficacy evaluation.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Endometriosis and the Hallmarks of Cancer.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- From local lesion to multisystem disease: integrated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, immune system, and host metabolism in endometriosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Biomarkers for NK Cell Dysfunction in Endometriosis-Associated Immune Dysregulation.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Analysis of diagnostic apoptosis-related biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in endometriosis by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Improved surgical outcomes in adenomyosis: a novel insight into the superiority of secretory phase adenomyomectomy.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- The Effect of Ovarian Endometriosis on Pregnancy Outcomes in Spontaneous Pregnancies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Induction of Endometriosis in a Menstruating Mouse Model (Mus musculus): A Translational Animal Disease Model.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of different endometriosis indicating that an interaction between endometriosis-associated mesothelial cells (EAMCs) and ectopic stromal cells may influence progesterone resistance.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling revealed niche interactions sustaining growth of endometriotic lesions.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Crosstalk Between H-Type Vascular Endothelial Cells and Macrophages: A Potential Regulator of Bone Homeostasis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Horizons in Endometriosis: Proceedings of the Montreux Reproductive Summit, 14-15 July 2023.Facts, views & vision in ObGyn · 2024Article
- A Pilot Study on the Co-existence of Diabetes and Endometriosis in Reproductive-Age Women: Potential for Endometriosis Progression.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Modulation of the Proliferative Pathway, Neuroinflammation and Pain in Endometriosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- N-glycans from serum IgG and total serum glycoproteins specific for endometriosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endometriosis, defined as growth of the endometrial cells outside the uterus, is an inflammatory disorder that is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women of childbearing age. Although the estrogen-dependence of endometriosis is well known, the role of progesterone in development of this disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a disease model in which endometriosis was induced in the peritoneal cavities of immunocompetent female mice, and maintained with exogenous estrogen. The endometriosis-like lesions that were identified at a variety of ectopic locations exhibited abundant blood supply and extensive adhesions. Histological examination revealed that these lesions had a well-organized endometrial architecture and fibrotic response, resembling those recovered from clinical patients. In addition, an extensive proliferation, inflammatory response, and loss of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were also observed in these lesions. Interestingly, administration of progesterone before, but not after, lesion induction suppressed lesion expansion and maintained ERα and PR expressions. These progesterone-pretreated lesions exhibited attenuation in KI67, CD31, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression as well as macrophage infiltration, indicating that progesterone ameliorates endometriosis progression by inhibiting cell proliferation, inflammation and neovascularization. Our studies further showed that suppression of global DNA methylation by application of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor to female mice bearing ectopic lesions restrained lesion expansion and restored ERα and PR expression in eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesions. These results indicate that epigenetic regulation of target gene expression via DNA methylation contributes, at least in part, to progesterone resistance in endometriosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.