ArticlePloS one2016
Risk of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer among Multiple Sclerosis Patients.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- A global view of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with a focus on regional differences, methodology, and clinical implications.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Breast Cancer Screening in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: A Mixed-Methods Study.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Is cancer risk reduced in multiple sclerosis? Results from a tertiary referral center.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical course of multiple sclerosis and patient experiences during breast cancer treatment.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Immunosenescence and multiple sclerosis: inflammaging for prognosis and therapeutic consideration.Frontiers in aging · 2023Review
- Multiple sclerosis and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2023Article
- Association Between Disease-Modifying Therapies Prescribed to Persons with Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer: a WHO Pharmacovigilance Database Analysis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2021Observational
- Breast Carcinoma After Ocrelizumab Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Case Series and Literature Review.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2021Article
- Multiple Sclerosis and Cancer: The Ying-Yang Effect of Disease Modifying Therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Comorbidity and metabolic syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis from Asturias and Catalonia, Spain.BMC neurology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer among Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients, considering tumor stage.
methodsThe Swedish Patient Register identified 19,330 women with MS between 1968 and 2012, matched individually with a cohort of 193,458 without MS. Matching variables were year of birth, sex, region of residence and vital status at the time of diagnosis. The cancer register identified 471 and 5,753 breast cancer cases among the MS and non-MS cohorts, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.
resultsOverall risk of postmenopausal breast cancer was 13% higher among MS patients compared with women without MS (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.26). Stratified analyses showed that the risk was statistically significantly increased in women diagnosed between 1968 and 1980 and those who were diagnosed at age 65 or older age. We observed a non-statistically significant risk only for stage 0-1 postmenopausal breast cancer (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.93-1.48). MS was not associated with premenopausal breast cancer.
conclusionThe modest increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in women with MS may be due to surveillance bias, where contact with health services for one disease increases the risk of a second diagnosis being recorded.
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Registered trials
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