Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27775706›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2016

Eradication of large established tumors in mice by combination immunotherapy that engages innate and adaptive immune responses.

Kelly D Moynihan, Cary F Opel, Gregory L Szeto, Alice Tzeng, Eric F Zhu, Jesse M Engreitz, Robert T Williams, Kavya Rakhra, Michael H Zhang, Adrienne M Rothschilds and 12 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 342 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
342citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
29.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

342 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 529 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  19. Humanization of Drug Metabolism in theACS infectious diseases · 2025
    Article
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282 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Kelly D MoynihanKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6200-7863
Cary F OpelKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Gregory L SzetoKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7604-1333
Alice TzengKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7316-6923
Eric F ZhuKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Jesse M EngreitzDivision of Health, Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5754-1719
Robert T WilliamsDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Kavya RakhraKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Michael H ZhangKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Adrienne M RothschildsKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Sudha KumariKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ryan L KellyKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Byron H KwanKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Wuhbet AbrahamKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Kevin HuDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Naveen K MehtaKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Monique J KaukeKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Heikyung SuhKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Jennifer R CochranDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Douglas A LauffenburgerKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
K Dane WittrupKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Darrell J IrvineKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology · USRagon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard · USBroad Institute · USCancer Prevention Institute of California · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

VIRUS PRODUCTION COREP30CA014051 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Jacqueline A. Lees · 1985 to 2026
$93.9M
Interdepartmental Biotechnology Training ProgramT32GM008334 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI WITTRUP, KARL DANE · 1989 to 2018
$15.2M
Localizing Immunotherapy to Improve Therapeutic IndexR01CA174795 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI WITTRUP, KARL DANE · 2013 to 2017
$2.0M
Modulating AhR in tumor and lymphoid microenvironments via local drug deliveryF32CA180586 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI SZETO, GREGORY LEE · 2013 to 2014
$107k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS F32 CA180586NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014051NCI NIH HHS R01 CA174795NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008334
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Checkpoint blockade with antibodies specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 or programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1; also known as PD-1) elicits durable tumor regression in metastatic cancer, but these dramatic responses are confined to a minority of patients. This suboptimal outcome is probably due in part to the complex network of immunosuppressive pathways present in advanced tumors, which are unlikely to be overcome by intervention at a single signaling checkpoint. Here we describe a combination immunotherapy that recruits a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells to eliminate large tumor burdens in syngeneic tumor models and a genetically engineered mouse model of melanoma; to our knowledge tumors of this size have not previously been curable by treatments relying on endogenous immunity. Maximal antitumor efficacy required four components: a tumor-antigen-targeting antibody, a recombinant interleukin-2 with an extended half-life, anti-PD-1 and a powerful T cell vaccine. Depletion experiments revealed that CD8

Indexed as

Adaptive ImmunityAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsCancer VaccinesCell Line, TumorCytokinesDrug Therapy, CombinationFlow CytometryGene Knockout TechniquesImmunity, InnateImmunoblottingImmunotherapyInterleukin-2Intramolecular OxidoreductasesLung NeoplasmsMammary Neoplasms, ExperimentalAntineoplastic AgentsCancer VaccinesCytokinesdopachrome isomeraseInterleukin-2Intramolecular OxidoreductasesProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptor

Identifiers

PMID27775706
PMCPMC5209798
OpenAlexW2534772180

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.