ReviewInternational journal of tryptophan research : IJTR2016
The Kynurenine Pathway Is a Double-Edged Sword in Immune-Privileged Sites and in Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy.
Review in International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phytochemical Modulation of the Kynurenine Pathway (KYNP) and Its Emerging Mechanistic Insights into Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the Etiological Links behind Neurodegenerative Diseases: Inflammatory Cytokines and Bioactive Kynurenines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- The Airway Microbiome as a Modulator of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives-Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Immunopathogenesis of uveitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming networks in the gastric cancer tumor microenvironment: an integrated axis of nutrient competition, metabolic crosstalk, and immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal analysis of fecal tryptophan metabolites and microbiome composition in very preterm infants: impact of birth mode and feeding type.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Integrated single cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses reveal the impact of tryptophan metabolism on prognosis and immunotherapy in colon cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial, metabolic and bioenergetic adaptations drive plasticity of colorectal cancer cells and shape their chemosensitivity.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut microbiota: a promising new target in immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Model systems to studyFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues Mediate the Immunoregulation of T Cells through the Purinergic Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Downregulation of Serotonergic System Components in an Experimentally Induced Cryptorchidism in Rabbits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Attenuated retinoic acid signaling is among the early responses in mouse uterus approaching embryo attachment.Reproductive and developmental medicine · 2024Article
- Metabolic engineering for optimized CAR-T cell therapy.Nature metabolism · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A cross talk between microbial metabolites and host immunity: Its relevance for allergic diseases.Clinical and translational allergy · 2024Review
- Heavy metals, oxidative stress, and the role of AhR signaling.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2024Review
- A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2024Review
- Spatial analysis of NOS2 and COX2 interaction with T-effector cells reveals immunosuppressive landscapes associated with poor outcome in ER- breast cancer patients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The term "immune privilege" was originally coined to describe the suppression of inflammatory responses within organs protected by anatomic barriers, ie, the eyes, brain, placenta, and testes. However, cellular and metabolic processes, which orchestrate immune responses, also control inflammation within these sites. Our current understanding of tolerogenic mechanisms has extended the definition of immune privilege to include hair follicles, the colon, and cancer. By catabolizing tryptophan, cells expressing the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase produce kynurenine metabolites, which orchestrate local and systemic responses to control inflammation, thus maintaining immune privilege. This review highlights the double-edged role played by the kynurenine pathway (KP), which establishes and maintains immune-privileged sites while contributing to cancer immune escape. The identification of the underlying molecular drivers of the KP in immune-privileged sites and in cancer is essential for the development of novel therapies to treat autoimmunity and cancer and to improve transplantation outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.