ArticleBMC public health2016
Sociodemographic factors associated with IgG and IgM seroprevalence for human cytomegalovirus infection in adult populations of Pakistan: a seroprevalence survey.
Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors associated with cytomegalovirus infection in healthcare and childcare worker: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in early pregnancy: A case report.Case reports in women's health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of CMV, EBV, HPV, and HSV among South Asian healthy population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections among Jordanians: seroprevalence and associated factors.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Value of IgG and IgM Antibodies in Breastfeeding Mothers Infected With Cytomegalovirus (CMV).Scientifica · 2025Article
- Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Human Cytomegalovirus pUL89 Endonuclease Using Integrated Computational Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- [Effect of breastfeeding on immune function in infants with human cytomegalovirus infection].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023Article
- Human herpesvirus diversity is altered in HLA class I binding peptides.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Knowledge of cytomegalovirus infection among women in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Frequency, timing and risk factors for primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy in Quebec.PloS one · 2021Article
- The convergent epidemiology of tuberculosis and human cytomegalovirus infection.F1000Research · 2018Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection ranges from 30 to 90 % in developed countries. Reliable estimates of HCMV seroprevalence are not available for Pakistan. This study determined the seroprevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with HCMV infection in adult populations of Karachi, Pakistan.
methodsA seroprevalence survey was conducted on 1000 adults, including residents of two semi-urban communities, and visitors to a government and a private hospital. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted. Sera were analysed for HCMV-specific IgG and IgM. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used for comparing sociodemographic variables against seropositivity of HCMV-IgG or IgM. Multiple logistic regression modeling was performed for IgG seroprevalence and adjusted odds ratios were computed.
resultsThe seroprevalence of HCMV-IgG and IgM was 93.2 and 4.3 % respectively. 95.3 % of individuals who were IgM seropositive were also seropositive for IgG. Around 6 % (15/250) of women of childbearing age remained uninfected and were therefore susceptible to primary infection. HCMV-IgG seroprevalence was associated with being female (p = 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.002) and crowding index (p = 0.003) and also with lower levels of both education (p < 0.001) and income (p = 0.008). Seroprevalence also differed significantly by marital status (p = 0.008) and sampling location (p < 0.001). A logistic regression model for HCMV-IgG seroprevalence showed associations with being female (OR = 1.89; 95 % CI: 1.10-3.25), increasing age (OR = 3.95; 95 % CI: 1.79-8.71) and decreasing income (OR = 0.72; 95 % CI: 0.54-0.96). A strong association was observed between increased seroprevalence of HCMV-IgM and decreasing household size (p = 0.008).
conclusionsSeroprevalence of HCMV is very high in Pakistan, although 6 % of women of childbearing age remain at risk of primary infection. The IgM seropositivity observed in some individuals living in small household size (1-3 individuals) with persistent HCMV infection could have resulted from a recurrent HCMV infection. Future longitudinal research in pregnant women and neonates is required to study the trends in HCMV seroprevalence over time in Pakistan for the development of a potential HCMV prevention and vaccination programme.
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