Trial reportBMC public health2016
The effectiveness of a Housing First adaptation for ethnic minority groups: findings of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted interventions to improve the social and economic circumstances of people with mental ill-health from marginalised communities: a systematic review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Health outcomes related to the provision of free, tangible goods: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Housing and supportive services for substance use and self-efficacy among young mothers experiencing homelessness: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2023Trial
- Associations of resilience with quality of life levels in adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness: a longitudinal study.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2021Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of Housing First in a small Canadian City.BMC public health · 2019Trial
- Ethno-Racial Differences in the Effectiveness of Housing First on Healthcare Utilization Among Homeless Adults with Mental Illness: At Home Chez-Soi, a Pragmatic Randomized Trial.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The effectiveness of abstinence-based and harm reduction-based interventions in reducing problematic substance use in adults who are experiencing homelessness in high income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis: A systematic review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2024Review
- Exploring the effect of case management in homelessness per components: A systematic review of effectiveness and implementation, with meta-analysis and thematic synthesis.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Public Health Interventions to Address Housing and Mental Health amongst Migrants from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds Living in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Community-based social interventions for people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of recent evidence.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2022Article
- Filling the GAP: Integrating a gambling addiction program into a shelter setting for people experiencing poverty and homelessness.PloS one · 2022Article
- "Prevention of opioid use disorder: the HOME (housing, opportunities, motivation and engagement) feasibility study".Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- "We Die 25 Years Sooner:" Addressing Physical Health Among Persons with Serious Mental Illness in Supportive Housing.Community mental health journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Housing First: A housing model rooted in harm reduction with potential to transform health care access for highly marginalized Canadians.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2021Article
- A comprehensive review of prioritised interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of persons with lived experience of homelessness.Campbell systematic reviews · 2021Review
- Content Analysis of Health Concerns among Housing First Residents with a History of Alcohol Use Disorder.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2021Article
- Mental and substance use disorders and food insecurity among homeless adults participating in the At Home/Chez Soi study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Community Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Social Equity.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- A modeling study exploring the impact of homelessness on rostered primary care utilization in Calgary, Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the effectiveness of Housing First (HF) among ethnic minority groups, despite its growing popularity for homeless adults experiencing mental illness. This randomized controlled trial tests the effectiveness of a HF program using rent supplements and intensive case management, enhanced by anti-racism and anti-oppression practices for homeless adults with mental illness from diverse ethnic minority backgrounds.
methodsThis unblinded pragmatic field trial was carried out in community settings in Toronto, Canada. Participants were 237 adults from ethnic minority groups experiencing mental illness and homelessness, who met study criteria for moderate needs for mental health services. Participants were randomized to either adapted HF (n = 135) or usual care (n = 102) and followed every 3 months for 24 months. The primary study outcome was housing stability; secondary outcomes included physical and mental health, social functioning, quality of life, arrests and health service use. Intention to treat statistical analyses examined the effectiveness of the intervention compared to usual care.
resultsDuring the 24-month study period, HF participants were stably housed a significantly greater proportion of time compared to usual care participants, 75 % (95 % CI 70 to 81) vs. 41 % (95 % CI 35 to 48), respectively, for a difference of 34 %, 95 % CI 25 to 43. HF also led to improvements in community integration over the course of the study: the change in the mean difference between treatment groups from baseline to 24-months was significantly greater among HF participants compared to those in usual care (change in mean difference = 2.2, 95 % CI 0.06 to 4.3). Baseline diagnosis of psychosis was associated with reduced likelihood of being housed ≥ 50 % of the study period (OR = 0.37, 95 % CI 0.18 to 0.72).
conclusionHousing First enhanced with anti-racism and anti-oppression practices can improve housing stability and community functioning among ethnically diverse homeless adults with mental illness.
trial registrationInternational Standard Randomized Control Trial Number Register Identifier: ISRCTN42520374 , assigned August 18, 2009.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.