Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27769194›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2016

Comparisons between mild and severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in temporal trends: a comparative time series study from mainland China.

Xiong Xiao, Qiaohong Liao, Michael G Kenward, Yaming Zheng, Jiao Huang, Fei Yin, Hongjie Yu, Xiaosong Li

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Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
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7citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiong XiaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4471-7946
Qiaohong LiaoDivision of Infectious Disease & Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Michael G KenwardDepartment of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Yaming ZhengDivision of Infectious Disease & Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Jiao HuangDivision of Infectious Disease & Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Fei YinDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Hongjie YuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. cfetpyhj@vip.sina.com.
Xiaosong LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. lixiaosong1101@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOver recent decades, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has emerged as a serious public health threat in the Asia-Pacific region because of its high rates of severe complications. Understanding the differences and similarities between mild and severe cases can be helpful in the control of HFMD. In this study, we compared the two types of HFMD cases in their temporal trends.

methodsWe retrieved the daily series of disease counts of mild and severe HFMD cases reported in mainland China in the period of 2009-2014. We applied a quasi-Poisson regression model to decompose each series into the long-term linear trend, periodic variations, and short-term fluctuations, and then we compared each component between two series separately.

resultsA total of 11,101,860 clinical HFMD cases together with 115,596 severe cases were included into this analysis. We found a biennial increase of 24.46 % (95 % CI: 22.80-26.14 %) for the baseline of disease incidence of mild cases, whereas a biennial decrease of 8.80 % (95 % CI: 7.26-10.31 %) was seen for that of severe cases. The periodic variations of both two series could be characterized by a mixture of biennial, annual, semi-annual and eight-monthly cycles. However, compared to the mild cases, we found the severe cases vary more widely for the biennial and annual cycle, and started its annual epidemic earlier. We also found the short-term fluctuations between two series were still significantly correlated at the current day with a correlation coefficient of 0.46 (95 % CI: 0.43-0.49).

conclusionsWe found some noticeable differences and also similarities between the daily series of mild and severe HFMD cases at different time scales. Our findings can help us to deepen the understanding of the transmission of different types of HFMD cases, and also provide evidences for the planning of the associated disease control strategies.

Indexed as

ChinaEpidemicsFemaleHand, Foot and Mouth DiseaseHumansMaleModels, TheoreticalPublic HealthSeroepidemiologic StudiesCase surveillanceComparative time series analysisEnterovirus infectionHand, foot and mouth diseaseMainland China

Identifiers

PMID27769194
PMCPMC5073464

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.