ArticleCell2016
Genetic Adaptation and Neandertal Admixture Shaped the Immune System of Human Populations.
Article in Cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 265 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
265 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 510 citations in OpenAlex.
- High pathogenicity of human adenovirus type 55 in adult males: a meta-analysis and phylogenetic study of HAdV-55 epidemics worldwide over the past six decades.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Pooled it
- European and multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of atopic dermatitis highlights importance of systemic immune regulation.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of childhood wheezing phenotypes identifieseLife · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors for cancer of unknown primary: a literature review.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Detailed stratified GWAS analysis for severe COVID-19 in four European populations.Human molecular genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis, fine-mapping and integrative prioritization implicate new Alzheimer's disease risk genes.Nature genetics · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Ancient DNA and Human Physiology.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Accelerated Evolution of Context-Dependent Gene Expression in Primate Immune Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- State-Dependent 3D Enhancer Architecture Resolves a Shared Schizophrenia and Multiple Sclerosis Ketone and Lactate Sensing Logic Gate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reporting and representation of population descriptors in public RNA-seq databases.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- High-resolution promoter interaction analysis implicates genes involved in activation of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in immune disease risk.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Virus-Derived Domesticated Genes in Microglia and Resident Macrophages: Insights into Placenta-Driven Evolution in Mammals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Observational and genetically-informed characterization of Gulf War Illness symptoms in 1990-1991 Gulf War deployed Veterans and non-deployed Gulf War Era Veterans.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Divergent cis-regulatory haplotypes at Tlr2 are associated with immune responsiveness.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Archaic Introgression Shapes Genetic Variation at Loci Associated With DNA Virus Load in Modern Humans.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Evolution of Resistance to Avian Malaria Infection in an Endemic Hawaiian Honeycreeper.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Design and interpretation of eQTL-GWAS colocalisation studies: Lessons from a large-scale evaluation.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Integrating Genetics and Environment to Find Causal Mechanisms for Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Humans differ in the outcome that follows exposure to life-threatening pathogens, yet the extent of population differences in immune responses and their genetic and evolutionary determinants remain undefined. Here, we characterized, using RNA sequencing, the transcriptional response of primary monocytes from Africans and Europeans to bacterial and viral stimuli-ligands activating Toll-like receptor pathways (TLR1/2, TLR4, and TLR7/8) and influenza virus-and mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). We identify numerous cis-eQTLs that contribute to the marked differences in immune responses detected within and between populations and a strong trans-eQTL hotspot at TLR1 that decreases expression of pro-inflammatory genes in Europeans only. We find that immune-responsive regulatory variants are enriched in population-specific signals of natural selection and show that admixture with Neandertals introduced regulatory variants into European genomes, affecting preferentially responses to viral challenges. Together, our study uncovers evolutionarily important determinants of differences in host immune responsiveness between human populations.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.