ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2017
Elevated Serum Tetrac in Graves Disease: Potential Pathogenic Role in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid hormone signaling in ocular development and diseases.Biological research · 2025Review
- Determination of Thyroid Hormones and 11 Metabolites in the Human Serum Using a Simple Derivatization Strategy and Analysis by Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- The Absence of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression on Natural Killer T Cells: Implications for the Immune-Endocrine Interaction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The risk factors for Graves' ophthalmopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Review
- Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- The Colorful Diversity of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites.European thyroid journal · 2019Review
- Response to Letter to the Editor: "Elevated Serum Tetrac in Graves Disease: Potential Pathogenic Role in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy".The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- Letter to the Editor: "Elevated Serum Tetrac in Graves Disease: Potential Pathogenic Role in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy".The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.Endocrine reviews · 2019Review
- Free Thyroxine, Anti-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody Titers, and Absence of Goiter Were Associated with Responsiveness to Methimazole in Patients with New Onset Graves' Disease.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Context: The sources and biological impact of 3,3',5,5' tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TA4) are uncertain. CD34+ fibrocytes express several proteins involved in the production of thyroid hormones. They infiltrate the orbit in Graves disease (GD), an autoimmune process known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. It appears that the thyrotropin receptor plays an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Objective: To quantify levels of TA4 in healthy participants and those with GD, determine whether fibrocytes generate this thyroid hormone analogue, and determine whether TA4 influences the actions of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in orbital fibroblasts. Design/Setting/Participants: Patients with GD and healthy donors in an academic medical center clinical practice were recruited. Main Outcome Measures: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, autoradiography, real-time polymerase chain reaction, hyaluronan immunoassay. Results: Serum levels of TA4 are elevated in GD. TA4 levels are positively correlated with those of thyroxine and negatively correlated with serum levels of triiodothyronine. Several cell types in culture generate TA4 from ambient thyroxine, including fibrocytes, HELA cells, human Müller stem cells, and retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Propylthiouracil inhibits TA4 generation. TA4 enhances the induction by thyrotropin and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins of several participants in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, including interleukin 6, hyaluronan synthase 1, prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase 2, and haluronan production. Conclusion: TA4 may be ubiquitously generated in many tissues and enhances the biological impact of thyrotropin and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in orbital connective tissue. These findings may identify a physiologically important determinant of extrathyroidal thyroid-stimulating hormone action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.