ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Altered Protein Composition and Gene Expression in Strabismic Human Extraocular Muscles and Tendons.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Types of Strabismus in Cerebral Palsy: A Global and Historical Perspective Based on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Genotype Association of VEGF Polymorphism rs2010963 with Strabismus in a Pakistani Cohort: A Case-Control Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 on muscle precursor cells from mouse limb and extraocular muscle.PloS one · 2026Article
- Dry eye-related tear biomarkers MMP-2, MMP-13, and IFN-γ: potential predictors of Type III acute acquired concomitant esotropia.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- One-Month-Old Rabbits Exhibit a Longer Postoperative Remodeling in Extraocular Muscles Compared to 3-Month-Old Rabbits.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Gene expression profiling of extraocular muscles in primary inferior oblique overaction.PeerJ · 2025Article
- Prevalence of strabismus among school going children in India.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of Short-Term Treatment of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle With Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Extreme Tolerance of Extraocular Muscles to Diseases and Aging: Why and How?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Abnormal occipital and frontal activity during voluntary convergence in intermittent exotropia: A task-fMRI study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Alteration of Neurotrophic Factors and Innervation in Extraocular Muscles of Individuals With Concomitant Esotropia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Prevalence and types of strabismus in cerebral palsy: A global and historical perspective based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of differentially expressed circular RNAs in extraocular muscle of oculomotor nerve palsy.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Clinical significance of CTGF and Cry61 protein in extraocular muscles of strabismic patients.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Expression profiling of extracellular matrix related genes in patients with strabismus.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Comitant strabismus etiology: extraocular muscle integrity and central nervous system involvement-a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- The profiles and clinical significance of extraocular muscle-expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in oculomotor nerve palsy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Surgical treatment and muscle protein analysis of V-pattern exotropia in craniosynostosis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 on Extraocular Muscle Structure and Function.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether structural protein composition and expression of key regulatory genes are altered in strabismic human extraocular muscles.
methodsSamples from strabismic horizontal extraocular muscles were obtained during strabismus surgery and compared with normal muscles from organ donors. We used proteomics, standard and customized PCR arrays, and microarrays to identify changes in major structural proteins and changes in gene expression. We focused on muscle and connective tissue and its control by enzymes, growth factors, and cytokines.
resultsStrabismic muscles showed downregulation of myosins, tropomyosins, troponins, and titin. Expression of collagens and regulators of collagen synthesis and degradation, the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and its inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1 and TIMP2, was upregulated, along with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF receptors, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as well as proteoglycans. Growth factors controlling extracellular matrix (ECM) were also upregulated. Among 410 signaling genes examined by PCR arrays, molecules with downregulation in the strabismic phenotype included GDNF, NRG1, and PAX7; CTGF, CXCR4, NPY1R, TNF, NTRK1, and NTRK2 were upregulated. Signaling molecules known to control extraocular muscle plasticity were predominantly expressed in the tendon rather than the muscle component. The two horizontal muscles, medial and lateral rectus, displayed similar changes in protein and gene expression, and no obvious effect of age.
conclusionsQuantification of proteins and gene expression showed significant differences in the composition of extraocular muscles of strabismic patients with respect to important motor proteins, elements of the ECM, and connective tissue. Therefore, our study supports the emerging view that the molecular composition of strabismic muscles is substantially altered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.