ArticlePloS one2016
Combination of Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD44 and CD24 Is Superior to ALDH1 as a Prognostic Indicator in Breast Cancer Patients with Distant Metastases.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mechanism of breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment promoting radioresistance in breast cancer and its intervention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Preoperative onapristone-XR in postmenopausal women with progesterone receptor-positive (PgR+)/HER2-negative early breast cancer: SOLTI-1802 ONAWA trial results.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- miRNA-195-5p modulates cell proliferation and stemness by targeting the Wnt signalling network in breast cancer.Non-coding RNA research · 2025Article
- Chemoresistance to additive PARP/PI3K dual inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines is associated with adaptive stem cell-like prevalence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Immunohistochemistry for Cancer Stem Cell Detection: Principles and Methods.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Mycochemicals against Cancer Stem Cells.Toxins · 2023Review
- Interferon-gamma inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenasebright cancer stem cells in the 4T1 mouse model of breast cancer.Chinese medical journal · 2021Article
- Suppression of Rotenone-Treated Human Breast Cancer Stem Cell Survival Using Survivin Inhibitor YM155 is Associated to Oxidative Stress Modulation.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Tumorigenic and Metastatic Role of CD44Cancers · 2020Article
- Cockle Shell-Derived Aragonite CaCOInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- The Clinical Impact of Cancer Stem Cells.The oncologist · 2020Review
- Circulating Tumor Cell Detection and Polyomavirus Status in Merkel Cell Carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Thymoquinone Enhances Paclitaxel Anti-Breast Cancer Activity via Inhibiting Tumor-Associated Stem Cells Despite Apparent Mathematical Antagonism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Clinical prognostic significance of cancer stem cell markers in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Oncology letters · 2020Article
- Do Different Stemness Markers Identify Different Pools of Cancer Stem Cells in Malignancies: A Study on ER+ and ER-Breast Cancer Cell Lines.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2020Article
- Heterogeneity of Tumors in Breast Cancer: Implications and Prospects for Prognosis and Therapeutics.Scientifica · 2020Review
- The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Radiation Resistance.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Vascular mimicry: Triggers, molecular interactions and in vivo models.Advances in cancer research · 2020Review
- Phosphorylation of the histone demethylase KDM5B and regulation of the phenotype of triple negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Drug resistance profiling of a new triple negative breast cancer patient-derived xenograft model.BMC cancer · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The combination of CD44 and CD24, or aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) alone, is a widely used cancer stem cell marker in breast cancer. However, no conclusion has yet been reached as to which marker is the best for characterizing cancer stemness. Immunohistochemical evaluation using cancer stem cell markers is clearly less common clinically than in basic experiments and how the expressions of these markers relate to patient outcomes remains controversial. To investigate whether combining these markers might improve the prediction of patient outcomes, we immunohistochemically examined clinical samples. Primary invasive breast cancer samples from 61 patients who eventually developed distant metastases after curative surgery were immunohistochemically examined. All patients were free of metastatic disease at the time of surgery and received standard adjuvant systemic treatments. CD44+/24- and ALDH1-positive rates in primary tumors differed according to intrinsic subtype. ER-positive patients with CD44+/24- tumors had significantly longer disease-free-survival than all other ER-positive patients (p = 0.0047). On the other hand, CD44+/24- tumors were associated with poor outcomes of ER-negative patients (p = 0.038). Finally, expression patterns of CD44 and ALDH1 in single tumors were strikingly different and there were virtually no individual double-stained cells. Thus, this combination does not allow evaluation of relationships with patient outcomes. Our results raise the possibility of CD44+/24- being a good prognostic marker, one which would allow treatment effects and outcomes to be predicted in patients with recurrent breast cancer.
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