ArticlePloS one2016
Three Toxic Heavy Metals in Open-Angle Glaucoma with Low-Teen and High-Teen Intraocular Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study from South Korea.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning prediction of glaucoma by heavy metal exposure: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2008.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of exposure to urinary and blood heavy metals with visual disability among U.S. adults in NHANES 2013-2018.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
- Proteome alterations in the aqueous humor reflect structural and functional phenotypes in patients with advanced normal-tension glaucoma.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Influence of Trace Elements on Neurodegenerative Diseases of The Eye-The Glaucoma Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Can the Treatment of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Induce Normal-Tension Glaucoma? A Narrative Review of a Current Knowledge.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- Heavy metal toxicity and the aetiology of glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2020Review
- The impacts of individual and combined exposure to cadmium and lead on intraocular pressure, electroretinography, and residual changes in the rabbit eyes.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Association between Three Heavy Metals and Dry Eye Disease in Korean Adults: Results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2019Article
- Association of Long-term Ambient Black Carbon Exposure and Oxidative Stress Allelic Variants With Intraocular Pressure in Older Men.JAMA ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Bone Lead Levels and Risk of Incident Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The VA Normative Aging Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2018Article
- Ocular and Systemic Factors Associated with Glaucoma.Journal of current glaucoma practiceReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the association between heavy metal levels and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with low- and high-teen baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) using a population-based study design.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 5,198 participants older than 19 years of age who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2012 and had blood heavy metal levels available. The OAG with normal baseline IOP (IOP ≤ 21 mmHg) subjects were stratified into low-teen OAG (baseline IOP ≤ 15 mmHg) and high-teen OAG (15 mmHg < baseline IOP ≤ 21 mmHg), and the association between blood lead, mercury, and cadmium levels and glaucoma prevalence was assessed for low- and high-teen OAG.
resultsThe adjusted geometric mean of blood cadmium levels was significantly higher in subjects with low-teen OAG than that of the non-glaucomatous group (P = 0.028), whereas there were no significant differences in blood lead and mercury levels. After adjusting for potential confounders, the low-teen OAG was positively associated with log-transformed blood cadmium levels (OR, 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.93; P = 0.026). For high-teen OAG, log-transformed blood levels of the three heavy metals were not associated with disease prevalence. The association between log-transformed blood cadmium levels and low-teen OAG was significant only in men (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.10-2.48; P = 0.016), and not in women (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.66-1.85; P = 0.709).
conclusionsThe results of this study suggest that cadmium toxicity could play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis, particularly in men and in OAG with low-teen baseline IOP.
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