ArticleEBioMedicine2016
Brain Correlates of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Protection in Gulf War Illness (GWI).
Article in EBioMedicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pyridostigmine bromide elicits progressive and chronic impairments in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of male rats.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- At the Root of 3 "Long" Diseases: Persistent Antigens Inflicting Chronic Damage on the Brain and Other Organs in Gulf War Illness, Long-COVID-19, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Neuroscience insights · 2022Review
- Associations of Immune Genetic Variability with Gulf War Illness in 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans from the Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) Multisite Case-Control Study.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Protective Effect of Stem Cells from Toxicity Induced by Gulf War Illness (GWI) Serum in N2A Neuroblastoma Cells.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2021Article
- Gulf War Illness: Mechanisms Underlying Brain Dysfunction and Promising Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Alleles Prevent Metabolically-Induced Inflammation and Cerebrocortical Thinning in Gulf War Illness.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2020Article
- Anthrax Protective Antigen 63 (PA63): Toxic Effects in Neural Cultures and Role in Gulf War Illness (GWI).Neuroscience insights · 2020Article
- Anthrax and Gulf War Illness (GWI): Evidence for the Presence of Harmful Anthrax Antigen PA63 In the Serum of Veterans with GWI.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2019Article
- Gulf War Illness and Inflammation: Association of symptom severity with C-reactive protein.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2019Article
- Brain Function in Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Associated Mental Health Comorbidities.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2018Article
- Human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Neutralizes Adverse Effects of Gulf War Illness (GWI) Serum in Neural Cultures: Paving the Way to Immunotherapy for GWI.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2018Article
- Adverse effects of Gulf War Illness (GWI) serum on neural cultures and their prevention by healthy serum.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2018Article
- Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and Gulf War Illness (GWI): HLA-DRB1*13:02 Spares Subcortical Atrophy in Gulf War Veterans.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
- Advancing the Role of Neuroimmunity and Genetic Susceptibility in Gulf War Illness.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
- Gulf War illness (GWI) as a neuroimmune disease.Experimental brain research · 2017Article
- Subcortical brain atrophy in Gulf War Illness.Experimental brain research · 2017Article
- A Neuroimmune Model of Gulf War Illness.Journal of environment and health sciences · 2017Article
- Supporting a Neuroimmune Basis of Gulf War Illness.EBioMedicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe recently reported that six alleles from class II genes of the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) confer protection from Gulf War Illness (GWI) (Georgopoulos et al., 2015). The most significant effect is exerted on Neurological-Cognitive-Mood (NCM), Pain, and Fatigue symptoms, such that higher number of copies of the protective alleles are associated with lower symptom severity. Here we tested the hypothesis that this effect is exerted by modulating the strength of neural synchronicity.
methodsEighty-one Gulf War veterans (65 with GWI and 16 healthy controls) underwent a magnetoencephalography (MEG) scan to assess the strength of brain synchronicity by computing zero-lag crosscorrelations (and their Fisher z transforms) between prewhitened MEG time series. A high-resolution HLA genotyping determined the number of copies, k, of the 6 protective alleles above in each participant. We tested the hypothesis above by regressing NCM, Pain and Fatigue symptom severity against the interaction term, k×z (HLA-related effect), while including z (non-HLA-related effect), gender and age as covariates. The k×z and z terms assessed HLA- and non-HLA-related effects, respectively, of neural synchronicity on symptom severity. The distributions of these effects in sensor space were visualized using statistical heatmaps.
findingsWe found significant, graded HLA- and non-HLA-related effects: (a) NCM>Pain>Fatigue for HLA-related effects, (b) NCM>Fatigue>Pain for non-HLA-related effects, and (c) HLA-related>non-HLA-related effects for all symptoms. These effects had widespread but distinct distributions in sensor space that allowed the orderly separation of the 6 terms (3 symptom domains×2 HLA factors) in a multidimensional plot, where one dimension separated the symptoms and the other the HLA relation.
interpretationThese findings demonstrate the presence of substantial, widespread, distinct and orderly HLA- and non-HLA-related neural influences on NCM, Pain and Fatigue symptom severity in GWI.
fundingU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and University of Minnesota.
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