ArticleBMC neurology2016
The addition of S100B to guidelines for management of mild head injury is potentially cost saving.
Article in BMC neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Update on the role of S100B in traumatic brain injury in pediatric population: a meta-analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Pooled it
- Blood biomarkers of secondary outcomes following concussion: A systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- GFAP and S100B: What You Always Wanted to Know and Never Dared to Ask.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Blood-Based Protein Biomarkers for the Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Adults Presenting to Emergency Departments with Mild Brain Injury: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of neurotrauma · 2021Pooled it
- Serum S100B Level in the Management of Pediatric Minor Head Trauma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Mild and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: Changes in microglial cells and synapses.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Blood-based biomarkers GFAP/UCH-L1 for the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a single-center implementation experience.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Observational
- Defining Acute Stress Reactions to support large scale combat operations.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Review
- Prevalence of post-concussion-like symptoms in children and adolescents in Germany: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Biomarkers and clinical rules for the management of mild traumatic brain injury: a narrative review.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Development and internal validation of the goliat score to predict 48-hour complications after minor/moderate traumatic brain injury in the emergency department: a single-center cohort study.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Usefulness of S100β protein in patients on antithrombotic drugs with mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study in an emergency department.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Negative predictive value of S100B in all types of traumatic brain injury in different aging groups.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- A head-to-head comparison of S100B and GFAP/UCH-L1 for detection of traumatic intracranial lesions in a Scandinavian trauma cohort.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Observational
- Consideration of Brain CT Imaging Standard for Mild Head Injuries.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2024Article
- Diagnostic value of protein S100b as predictor of traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in elderly adults with low-energy falls: results from a retrospective observational study.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Observational
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with substantial costs due to over-triage of patients to computed tomography (CT) scanning, despite validated decision rules. Serum biomarker S100B has shown promise for safely omitting CT scans but the economic impact from clinical use has never been reported. In 2007, S100B was adapted into the existing Scandinavian management guidelines in Halmstad, Sweden, in an attempt to reduce CT scans and save costs.
methodsConsecutive adult patients with mild TBI (GCS 14-15, loss of consciousness and/or amnesia), managed with the aid of S100B, were prospectively included in this study. Patients were followed up after 3 months with a standardized questionnaire. Theoretical and actual cost differences were calculated.
resultsSeven hundred twenty-six patients were included and 29 (4.7 %) showed traumatic abnormalities on CT. No further significant intracranial complications were discovered on follow-up. Two hundred twenty-nine patients (27 %) had normal S100B levels and 497 patients (73 %) showed elevated S100B levels. Over-triage occurred in 73 patients (32 %) and under-triage occurred in 39 patients (7 %). No significant intracranial complications were missed. The introduction of S100B could save 71 € per patient if guidelines were strictly followed. As compliance to the guidelines was not perfect, the actual cost saving was 39 € per patient.
conclusionAdding S100B to existing guidelines for mild TBI seems to reduce CT usage and costs, especially if guideline compliance could be increased.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.