Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27761664›Full record

ArticleApplied psychophysiology and biofeedback2016

Increasing Performance of Professional Soccer Players and Elite Track and Field Athletes with Peak Performance Training and Biofeedback: A Pilot Study.

Noortje H Rijken, Remko Soer, Ewold de Maar, Hilco Prins, Wouter B Teeuw, Jan Peuscher, Frits G J Oosterveld

Open access · hybridAbstract readComment
In one paragraph

Article in Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. [Research on auditory neurofeedback technology and its multi-disciplinary applications].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026
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  11. Sleep interventions in elite sport - a systematic review.South African journal of sports medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Noortje H RijkenExpertise Group Ambient Intelligence, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Remko SoerExpertise Group Health and Wellbeing, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands. r.soer@saxion.nl.
Ewold de MaarDe Maar Coaching TCC, Glimmen, The Netherlands.
Hilco PrinsResearch Group IT Innovations in Healthcare, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Wouter B TeeuwExpertise Group Ambient Intelligence, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Jan PeuscherTwente Medical Systems International, Oldenzaal, The Netherlands.
Frits G J OosterveldExpertise Group Health and Wellbeing, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H. Tromplaan 28, 7500 KB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Saxion University of Applied Sciences · NLTwente Medical Systems International (Netherlands) · NLWindesheim University of Applied Sciences · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of an intervention consisting of mental coaching combined with either electro encephalogram (EEG) alpha power feedback or heart rate variability (HRV) feedback on HRV, EEG outcomes and self-reported factors related to stress, performance, recovery and sleep quality in elite athletes. A prospective pilot study was performed with two distinct cohorts. Soccer players were provided with four sessions of mental coaching combined with daily HRV biofeedback (Group A); track and field athletes were provided with four sessions of mental coaching in combination with daily neurofeedback (Group B). Measurements were performed at baseline, post intervention and at 5 weeks follow-up. Objective measures: EEG and ECG. Subjective measures: Numeric Rating Scale for performance, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Rest and Stress Questionnaire and Sports Improvement-60. Group characteristics were too distinct to compare the interventions. Linear mixed models were used to analyze differences within groups over time. In Group A, significant changes over time were present in alpha power at 5 of 7 EEG locations (p < 0.01-0.03). LF/HF ratio significantly increased (p = 0.02) and the concentration (p = 0.02) and emotional scale (p = 0.03) of the SIM-60 increased significantly (p = 0.04). In Group B, the HRV low frequency power and recovery scale of the REST-Q significantly increased (p = 0.02 and <0.01 resp.). Other measures remained stable or improved non-significantly. A mental coaching program combined with either HRV or EEG alpha power feedback may increase HRV and alpha power and may lead to better performance-related outcomes and stress reduction. Further research is needed to elucidate the effects of either type of feedback and to compare effects with a control group.

Indexed as

AthletesSoccerHeart RateHumansPilot ProjectsProspective StudiesTrack and FieldAlpha power trainingHeart rate variabilityMental stressNeurofeedbackRunningSoccerSports performance

Identifiers

PMID27761664
PMCPMC5122600
OpenAlexW2532131735

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.