Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27761588›Full record

ArticleJournal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie2016

Post-treatment changes in permanent retention.

Michael Wolf, U Schulte, K Küpper, C Bourauel, L Keilig, S N Papageorgiou, C Dirk, C Kirschneck, N Daratsianos, A Jäger

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Which orthodontic retainer provides the best stabilization? : Systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026
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  9. Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part II-lower jaw.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026
    Article
  10. Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part I-upper jaw.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026
    Article
  11. Low translational and rotational movements with 2-point stainless-steel retainers over a period of 1 and 3 years.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025
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  13. Inadvertent side effects of fixed lingual retainers : An in vitro study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2024
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  15. Evaluation of digital construction, production and intraoral position accuracy of novel 3D CAD/CAM titanium retainers.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Michael WolfDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany. michael.wolf@uni-bonn.de.
U SchulteDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
K KüpperOrthodontic Practice, Friesenplatz Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
C BourauelEndowed Chair for Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
L KeiligEndowed Chair for Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
S N PapageorgiouDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
C DirkEndowed Chair for Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
C KirschneckDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
N DaratsianosDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
A JägerDepartment of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWhile permanent retention is today the method of choice to stabilize orthodontic treatment outcomes, recent studies have increasingly reported posttreatment changes in tooth position during permanent retention. We conducted this study to analyze changes in the anterior mandible, whether the changes follow an underlying movement pattern, and, aiming for a preventive strategy, whether any risk factors could be identified comparing findings with the pretreatment situations.

methodsWe included 30 patients who had worn fixed Twistflex retainers (UK 3-3) extending from canine to canine in the mandible. Casts reflecting the intraoral situations before orthodontic treatment (T0), directly after completion of active therapy (T1), and 6 months later (T2) were scanned and superimposed using Imageware Surfacer software. Posttreatment changes (T2-T1) of tooth position within the retainer block were analyzed on 3D virtual models and were compared to pretreatment (T0) and treatment-related (T1-T0) findings to identify potential risk factors.

resultsAlmost all analyzed patients revealed three-dimensional changes in tooth position within the retainer block. Comparing these movements, we repeatedly found rotated retainer blocks in labio-oral direction, while the center of rotation was located at the first incisors. This pattern was associated with intercanine expansion and excessive overjet correction during orthodontic treatment. The canines underwent the most pronounced (rotational and translational) movements.

conclusionsIn general permanent lingual retainers are safe but in special clinical cases retainers can induce undesired tooth movement. Risk factors seem to be intercanine expansion and excessive overjet correction during orthodontic treatment. In specific cases an additional retention device might be needed.

Indexed as

Dental Restoration FailureAdultCephalometryFemaleHumansMaleMalocclusionMandibleOrthodontic RetainersReproducibility of ResultsRetrospective StudiesSensitivity and SpecificityTooth MobilityTreatment OutcomeLingual retainerOrthodontic retentionPreventionTooth movementTwistflex retainer

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.