ReviewJournal of the International AIDS Society2016
The future of PrEP among transgender women: the critical role of gender affirmation in research and clinical practices.
Review in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- The worldwide burden of HIV in transgender individuals: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender women: a secondary analysis of the HPTN 083 trial.The lancet. HIV · 2023Trial
- Estradiol and Spironolactone Plasma Pharmacokinetics Among Brazilian Transgender Women Using HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Analysis of Potential Interactions.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Trial
- Adapting and Implementing an Evidence-Based Reentry Intervention for Incarcerated Transgender Women: Lessons Learned.Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care · 2023Trial
- Trial
- TransPrEP: Results from the Pilot Study of a Social Network-Based Intervention to Support PrEP Adherence Among Transgender Women in Lima, Peru.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine in transgender women receiving feminizing hormone therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Trial
- PrEP Use and Willingness Cascades Among Transgender Women in 11 Asian Countries: Findings From the PrEP APPEAL Cross-Sectional Online Survey.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Perspectives on PrEP/PEP Integration in Telehealth Gender-Affirming Care: A Survey of Clients From a National Telehealth Platform.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sexual Behaviour, HIV Prevention and Testing Among Transgender and Non-binary People in a Cross-Sectional Behavioural Surveillance Survey in Aotearoa New Zealand.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Brief Report: Disparities in PrEP Use Among HIV-Negative Black and Latina Women of Transgender Experience and Transfeminine People in Los Angeles County from 2019 to 2020 to 2023-2024.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- A Decade of Improvement and Signs of Decline in PrEP Awareness and Use in Young Trans Women.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- PrEP uptake, persistence, and patterns of choice dynamics between oral and long-acting injectable with cabotegravir among sexually and gender-diverse adolescents in Brazil: a multisite cohort implementation study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Barriers and Facilitators of Oral PrEP Uptake Against HIV Among Selected Priority Populations: A Global Perspective.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Utilization and Reasons for Never Using Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Transfeminine Persons in the United States: Findings From the Transgender Women's Internet Survey and Testing (TWIST) Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Beyond Prevention: How Gender-Affirming Care Can Transform HIV Outcomes for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Populations.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Inequities in HIV prevention among trans and/or non-binary people: a cross-sectional survey analysis of PrEP and PEP awareness and use in Spain.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Gender-Affirming Care as a Predictor of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use and Adherence Among Young Trans Feminine Adults: A Coincidence Analysis.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
- HIV Testing and PrEP Use Among Trans and/or Non-binary Participants in the TASG Study, a Participatory Study in Germany.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Improving Recruitment and Retention of Transgender Women in HIV Prevention Trials: Strategies to Make Trial Participation More Congruent with the Needs of Transgender Women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2024Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGlobally, transgender ("trans") women are one of the key populations most disproportionately impacted by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is the newest and most promising biomedical HIV prevention intervention to date. This paper reviews relevant literature to describe the current state of the science and describes the potential role of PrEP among trans women, including a discussion of unique considerations for maximizing the impact of PrEP for this vulnerable population.
methodsAvailable information, including but not limited to existing scientific literature, about trans women and PrEP was reviewed and critiqued based on author expertise, including PrEP clinical trials and rollout.
resultsTo date, PrEP demonstration projects and clinical trials have largely excluded trans women, or have not included them in a meaningful way. Data collection strategies that fail to identify trans women in clinical trials and research further limit the ability to draw conclusions about trans women's unique needs and devise strategies to meet them. Gender-affirming providers and clinic environments are essential components of any sexual health programme that aims to serve trans women, as they will largely avoid settings that may result in stigmatizing encounters and threats to their identities. While there is currently no evidence to suggest drug-drug interactions between PrEP and commonly used feminizing hormone regimens, community concerns about potential interactions may limit interest in and uptake of PrEP among trans women.
conclusionsIn scaling up PrEP for trans women, it is essential to engage trans communities, utilize trans-inclusive research and marketing strategies and identify and/or train healthcare providers to provide gender-affirming healthcare to trans women, including transition-related care such as hormone provision. PrEP implementation guidelines must consider and address trans women's unique barriers and facilitators to uptake and adherence.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.