Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27758730›Full record

ArticleDevelopment and psychopathology2017

Risk and protective factors for comorbid internalizing and externalizing problems among economically disadvantaged African American youth.

Jingwen Liu, Brian Mustanski, Danielle Dick, John Bolland, Darlene A Kertes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Development and psychopathology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Social Support Coping for African American Adolescents: Effect of a Culturally Grounded Randomized Controlled Trial Intervention.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023
    Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Prior Diagnoses and Age of Diagnosis in Children Later Diagnosed with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Protective factors for adverse childhood experiences: Scoping review and evidence gap map.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jingwen LiuUniversity of Florida.
Brian MustanskiNorthwestern University.
Danielle DickVirginia Commonwealth University.
John BollandUniversity of Alabama.
Darlene A KertesUniversity of Florida.
University of Florida · USUniversity of Alabama · USVirginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

Gene-Environment Interaction Effects on HIV RiskR01DA025039 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI MUSTANSKI, BRIAN · 2008 to 2012
$2.6M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Comorbidity of internalizing and externalizing problems and its risk and protective factors have not been well incorporated into developmental research, especially among racial minority youth from high-poverty neighborhoods. The present study identified a latent comorbid factor as well as specific factors underlying internalizing and externalizing problems among 592 African American adolescents living in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods (291 male; M age = 15.9 years, SD = 1.43 years). Stressful life events and racial discrimination were associated with higher comorbid problems, whereas stressful life events and exposure to violence were associated with higher specific externalizing problems. Collective efficacy was associated with both lower specific externalizing problems and lower comorbid problems. Moreover, high collective efficacy buffered the risk effects of stressful life events and racial discrimination on comorbid problems. Our results demonstrated the advantages of latent variable modeling to understanding comorbidity by articulating impacts of risk factors on comorbid and specific components underlying internalizing and externalizing problems. They also highlighted the protective effect of collective efficacy in mitigating risks for these problems. These findings broadly call for more studies on comorbidities in developmental psychopathology among youth from diverse sociocultural backgrounds.

Indexed as

AdolescentBlack or African AmericanComorbidityExposure to ViolenceFemaleHumansMaleMental DisordersPovertyProtective FactorsRacismRisk FactorsStress, PsychologicalVulnerable Populations

Identifiers

PMID27758730
PMCPMC5763553
OpenAlexW2539157751

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.