ArticleAntioxidants & redox signaling2017
Blockade of Glutamine Synthetase Enhances Inflammatory Response in Microglial Cells.
Article in Antioxidants & redox signaling, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutamine metabolism in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Metabolic Reprogramming of Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microglia-vascular interactions after spinal cord injury: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mediterranean Pattern Diet in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review Focusing on Immunometabolites.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Regeneration-Associated Factors in the Regulation of Adult and Post-Traumatic Neurogenesis in the Forebrain of Fish and Other Vertebrates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The interplay between metabolism and neuroinflammation in epilepsy: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Decoding microglial immunometabolism: a new frontier in Alzheimer's disease research.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Immunoexcitoxicity as the possible major pathophysiology behind multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders.Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
- Genome-scale metabolic network of human carotid plaque reveals the pivotal role of glutamine/glutamate metabolism in macrophage modulating plaque inflammation and vulnerability.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Metabolic Reprogramming in Gliocyte Post-cerebral Ischemia/ Reperfusion: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Potential.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Adolescent alcohol drinking interaction with the gut microbiome: implications for adult alcohol use disorder.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2024Article
- Microglial glutaminase 1 mediates chronic restraint stress-induced depression-like behaviors and synaptic damages.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Untargeted metabolomic analysis investigating links between unprocessed red meat intake and markers of inflammation.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Salivary Cystatin D Interactome in Patients with Systemic Mastocytosis: An Exploratory Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Effects of Salvianolic Acid B on Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis by Regulating Atrium Metabolism via Targeting AMPK/FoxO1/miR-148a-3p Axis.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2023Article
- Effect of Ouabain on Glutamate Transport in the Hippocampus of Rats with LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- How can early life adversity still exert an effect decades later? A question of timing, tissues and mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The role of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Review
- The Role of Metabolic Plasticity of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment Immunity.Cancers · 2022Review
- The TLR4/NFκB-Dependent Inflammatory Response Activated by LPS Is Inhibited in Human Macrophages Pre-Exposed to Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsMicroglial cells are brain-resident macrophages engaged in surveillance and maintained in a constant state of relative inactivity. However, their involvement in autoimmune diseases indicates that in pathological conditions microglia gain an inflammatory phenotype. The mechanisms underlying this change in the microglial phenotype are still unclear. Since metabolism is an important modulator of immune cell function, we focused our attention on glutamine synthetase (GS), a modulator of the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation in other cell types, which is expressed by microglia.
resultsGS inhibition enhances release of inflammatory mediators of LPS-activated microglia in vitro, leading to perturbation of the redox balance and decreased viability of cocultured neurons. GS inhibition also decreases insulin-mediated glucose uptake in microglia. In vivo, microglia-specific GS ablation enhances expression of inflammatory markers upon LPS treatment. In the spinal cords from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), GS expression levels and glutamine/glutamate ratios are reduced. INNOVATION: Recently, metabolism has been highlighted as mediator of immune cell function through the discovery of mechanisms that (behind these metabolic changes) modulate the inflammatory response. The present study shows for the first time a metabolic mechanism mediating microglial response to a proinflammatory stimulus, pointing to GS activity as a master modulator of immune cell function and thus unraveling a potential therapeutic target.
conclusionsOur study highlights a new role of GS in modulating immune response in microglia, providing insights into the pathogenic mechanisms associated with inflammation and new strategies of therapeutic intervention. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 351-363.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.