ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2017
Secular change of sexually dimorphic cranial variables in Euro-Americans and Germans.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex classification using exocranial surfaces in a multi-population sample.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Forensic skeletal and molecular anthropology face to face: Combining expertise for identification of human remains.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Review
- The influence of biological relatedness on sexual dimorphism and sex classification based on external morphology of the frontal bone.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Age-related differences in cranial sexual dimorphism in contemporary Europe.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Effects of Multi-Generational Soft Diet Consumption on Mouse Craniofacial Morphology.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Cranial secular change from the nineteenth to the twentieth century in modern German individuals compared to modern Euro-American individuals.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
- Investigating the sex-related geometric variation of the human cranium.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
- Population-specificity of sexual dimorphism in cranial and pelvic traits: evaluation of existing and proposal of new functions for sex assessment in a Greek assemblage.International journal of legal medicine · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Crania are a reliable source for sex estimation in Euro-Americans, Europeans, and most other populations. Besides morphological assessments, the application of Fordisc® has become a useful tool within the last two decades, creating discriminant functions from morphometric data. Unfortunately, until now, white populations are mostly represented by measurements of American individuals. Therefore, classification rates are lower for European skulls than for Euro-Americans. The aim of this study was to show differences in sexual dimorphism between German and Euro-American crania. Furthermore, their secular change from the nineteenth to the twentieth century has been investigated. Analyses have been performed on glabella subtense (GLS), mastoid height (MDH), and bizygomatic breadth (ZYB). Fordisc® 3.1 was used to study sexual dimorphism and secular change, whereas SAS® was used to perform a two-level ANOVA to test for variation in sex dimorphism. Euro-Americans show greater dimorphism than Germans in all three measurements tested. This larger difference is even increasing from the late nineteenth through the late twentieth century in terms of GLS and MDH, while it stays almost the same in the present Europeans. These results explain the unsatisfying classification rates of German and other European crania on Fordisc®. Data collection for European Fordisc® samples is in progress and should improve the current situation.
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