ReviewObstetric medicine2013
Effects of prenatal stress on pregnancy and human development: mechanisms and pathways.
Review in Obstetric medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Experiences of Food Insecurity During Pregnancy in High-Income Countries: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Maternal Lifetime Stress on Offspring Biological Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal psychological distress and neurodevelopmental trajectories in the first 3 years: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Panic disorder during pregnancy and the first three years after delivery: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of prenatal maternal stressful life events and newborn DNA methylation.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- The Gut Microbiome in Early Life Stress: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Mental Health of Pregnant and Postpartum Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Chronic Discrimination and Changes in Biology During Pregnancy Among African American Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and pregnancy outcomes in mothers with IUGR: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Mobile Intervention for Improving Perinatal Mental Health and Reducing Depression During Pregnancy: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- An epigenome-wide study of a needs-based family intervention for offspring of trauma-exposed mothers in Kosovo.Brain and behavior · 2024Trial
- Maternal mood, anxiety and mental health functioning after combined myo-inositol, probiotics, micronutrient supplementation from preconception: Findings from the NiPPeR RCT.Psychiatry research · 2024Trial
- Effect of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program on stress, anxiety, and childbirth fear in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.Complementary therapies in clinical practice · 2022Trial
- The relationship between maternal adiposity during pregnancy and toddler ADHD symptoms is mediated by gestational inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Maternal stress is associated with oral microbiota diversity patterns in pregnant women in Quito, Ecuador.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Microglia-associated Galectin-3 expression in prenatal stress-induced cognitive dysfunction in adult offspring.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prenatal Origins of Stress Regulation: Maternal Psychological Distress and Inflammation During Pregnancy Prospectively Predict Infant Behavioral Reactivity and Regulation.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Time-dependent association between prenatal hair glucocorticoid levels and child behavior problems.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A growing body of research shows that prenatal stress can have significant effects on pregnancy, maternal health and human development across the lifespan. These effects may occur directly through the influence of prenatal stress-related physiological changes on the developing fetus, or indirectly through the effects of prenatal stress on maternal health and pregnancy outcome which, in turn, affect infant health and development. Animal and human studies suggest that activation of the maternal stress response and resulting changes in endocrine and inflammatory activity play a role in the aetiology of these effects. Ongoing research is focusing on clarifying these mechanisms, understanding the role of racial and cultural factors in these effects, and examining the epigenetic and transgenerational influences of prenatal stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.